| BC | breast cancer |
| CTL | cytotoxic T lymphocytes |
| CTLA-4 | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein |
| DC | dendritic cell |
| FGF | fibroblast growth factor |
| HER2 | human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 |
| HIF | hypoxia-inducible transcription factor |
| IC | immune checkpoint |
| ICIs | immune checkpoint inhibitors |
| IL-8 | interleukin 8 |
| Lag3 | lymphocyte activation gene 3 |
| LDHA | lactate dehydrogenase |
| MDSCs | myeloid-derived suppressor cells |
| MMPs | matrix metalloproteinases |
| pCR | pathologic complete response |
| PDGF | platelet-derived growth factor |
| PD-L1 | programmed death-ligand 1 |
| TAM | M2-like protumor macrophages |
| TGFβ-1 | transforming growth factor beta-1 |
| TILs | tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes |
| Tim-3 | T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 |
| TME | tumor microenvironment |
| TNBCs | triple-negative BCs |
| Tregs | regulatory T cells |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |