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. 2023 Feb 15;24(4):3941. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043941

Figure 2.

Figure 2

This figure indicates the mechanisms involved in cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. FGF, fibroblast growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.