| Abbrvations | Meaning |
| AchE | Acetylcholinesterase |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| aM | Attomolar |
| ANN | Artificial Neural Network |
| AOx | Alcohol Oxidase |
| BSA | Bovine Serum Albumin |
| CB | Carbon Black |
| Cd2+ | Cadmium ions |
| CEU | Commission of European Union |
| CFU | Colony Forming Unit |
| CNN | Convolutional Neural Network |
| CRISPR | Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat |
| Cu | Copper |
| CV | Cyclic Voltammetry |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| DMD | Duchene Muscular Dystrophy |
| DPV | Differential Pulse Voltammetry |
| ESF | European Science foundation |
| Fe@Au | Gold-coated Iron |
| fM | Femtomolar |
| GCE | Glass Carbon Electrode |
| gFET | Graphene-based field effect transistor |
| GO | Graphene Oxide |
| GOx | Glucose Oxidase |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen Peroxide |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| IoMT | Internet of Medical Things |
| IOS | International Organization for Standardization |
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
| KNN | K-Nearest Neighbor |
| LOD | Limit of Detection |
| NA | Nucleic Acid |
| NAA | Nucleic Acid Amplification |
| NCs | Nanocomposites |
| NM | Nanometer |
| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| MERS | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome |
| MNG | Magnetic Nitrogen-doped Graphene |
| Mm | Micromolar |
| Ops | Organophosphate Pesticides |
| PB | Phosphate Buffer |
| PBNPs | Prussian Blue NPs |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| PDDA | Poly (Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium chloride) |
| pM | Picomolar |
| POC | Point-of-Care |
| POCT | Point-of-Care-Testing |
| PPCPE | Porous Pseudo Carbon Paste Electrode |
| rGO | Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| RT-qPCR | Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid |
| SAW | Surface Acoustic Resonance |
| SgRNA | Single Guide RNA |
| SPE | Screen Printed Electrode |
| SPR | Surface Plasmon Resonance |
| SSDNA | Single Stranded DNA |
| µM | Micromolar |
| TB | Toluidine Blue |
| zM | Zeptometer 10−21 |
| ZrMOF | Zirconium series Metal-organic Framework |