Table 1.
Green synthesis of Se-NPs using different plant extracts and their characterization methods.
| Method of Synthesis | Name of Plant Source | Size | Shape | Operational Parameters | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green-synthesis | Vitis vinifera Extract | 3–18 nm | Spherical | 10 mL of Extract added with 4 × 10−5 M selenous acid for refluxed for 15 min and centrifuged at 15,000× g rpm | [29] |
| A. sativum | 48–87 nm | Spherical | Garlic extract (5 mL) mixed with 20 mM Na2SeO3 solution (50 mL) and stirred at 150 rpm at 60 °C. | [39] | |
| Clausena dentate leaf extracts | 46.32–78.88 nm | Spherical | 10 g of C. dentata leaf powder with 100 mL of DH2O boiled at 60 °C for 5 min. This broth (12 mL) was added to 1 mM aqueous selenium powder (88 mL) for the synthesis of Se-NPs |
[40] | |
| Crataegus monogyna | 113 nm | Spherical | 0.01M Na2SeO3 was mixed with 2 mg mL−1 hawthorn fruits lyophilized powder for 12 hrs and dialyzed (MWCO 8000–14,000) for 48 hrs. |
[41] | |
| Emblica officinalis | 20 to 60 nm | Spherical | 2 mL of aqueous fruit extract of E. officinalis was added with 10 mL of 10 mM Na2SeO3 under stirring. The mixture was allowed in dark conditions at 27 ± 2 °C and 120 rpm for 24 hrs. | [42] | |
|
Catharanthus roseus and Peltophorumpterocarpum flowers |
23.2 nm and 30.44 nm | Spherical | 10 gm of the flowers was added with 90 mL of 10 mM aqueous solution of Na2SeO4 and incubated at 250 rpm at 36 °C for 7 days | [43] | |
| Withania somnifera leaves extract | 15 nm | Crystalline | One hundred milli liters of plant extract was mixed with 50 mM selenious acid and stirred and washed with distilled water and acetone at overnight | [44] | |
|
Aloe vera leaf extract (ALE) Fabricated with Se-NPs |
50 nm | Spherical fabricated Se-NPs |
20 mL of culture filtrates, cell lysate, and crude cell wall from six Trichoderma spp was added with 70 mL of sterile distilled water containing 25 mM Na2SeO3 and stored 28 ± 1 °C on a shaker at 150 rpm for 6 days | [45] | |
| Zingiber officinale | 100 to 150 nm | Spherical | 1% ginger extract was added to 10 mM Na2SeO4 solution (9:1 ratio) with pH 9 at 37 °C for 75 hrs at 130 rpm | [46] | |
| Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | 140 ± 10 nm | Spherical |
Biosynthesized SeNPs: Rahnella aquatilis HX2 cell broth filtered in Na2SeO3 at 5 mM for 48 hrs at 28 °C then centrifuged at 8000× g for 30 min and washed with 1 M NaOH for 20 min in a boiling water bath. |
[47] | |
| Vigna unguiculata L. | 33.4 nm | Spherical | 10 mM of aq. solution of 10 mM Na2SeO4 added to the ascorbic acid powder 1.5% (w/v) under stirring at room temperature for 15 min. | [25] | |
| Cyamopsis tetragonoloba | 50–150 nm | Oval | 700 mg of Na2SeO3 in 50 mL of distilled water for 20 min, added with 50 mL of ascorbic acid solution | [22] | |
| Raphanus sativus var. sativus, Eruca sativa, Solanum melongena, Cucumis sativus and Capsicum annuum. | 100 nm | X-ray diffractograms | Laser ablation processes of solid Se then fiber ytterbium laser (1060 nm and 1070 nm), pulse rate 20 KHz in 80 nanoseconds in 20 W | [48] | |
| Brassica napus | 10–55 nm | Spherical | 1%ComamonastestosteroniS44 culture added with 10 mM Na2SeO3 for 72 hrs. Then, 2 M NaOH solution was added to this under stirring | [26] | |
| Allium sativum | 40 to 100 nm | Spherical | Cassia auriculata in fine powder added with 100 mL of 10 mM Na2SeO3 at a concentration (10 × 10−3 M) under magnetic stirring, then incubated at 37 °C | [49] |