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Mechanism and site of production of ROS in plants. SOD, superoxide dismutase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ETC, electron transport chain; OEC, oxygen-evolving center; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; PS I, photosystem I; PS II, photosystem II; O2−•, superoxide anion; 1O2, singlet oxygen; HO•, hydroxyl radical; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; XOD, xanthine oxidase; and UO, urate oxidase.
