Table 2.

Key factors secreted by M1-like and M2-like Mφs and MSCs alone and the effects of MSC-Mφ interaction on secreted factors.

M1-like Mφs	M2-like Mφs	MSCs	MSC-Mφ Interaction
			MSCs *	Mφ
IL-1α, Il-1β [92,93] IL-6, 12, 23 [69,92,94] TNF-α [92,93,94] CCL-2, 8, 10, 15, 19, 20 [66,90,92] CXCL-9, 10, 11, 16, 17 [95,96] ROS (by Nox-2), NO (by iNOS), [92,94,97,98]	IL-4,10, 13 [77,92,93] CCL-1, 17, 18, 22, 24 [92,95,99] CXCL-13 [100] CXCL-12 [101] TGF-β [94,95,102] SDF-1 and VEGF [103,104] Arg-1 [23,92] HO-1 [98]	CCL-1-2, 4-5 [66] CXCL-8, 10, 12 [66,105] KGF [47,105] INDO [106], TSG-6 [107] Ang-1, VEGF, HGF, IGF-1 [105,108,109,110] EVs, Mt, MiRs [53,111,112,113]	CCL-2, 5, 7 [66,114] CXCL-8-12 [66] KGF [52,105,115,116] NO, TGFβ [34,117] INDO, TSG-6 [107,118,119] Ang-1, VEGF, HGF, IGF-1 [108,109,110,120,121] COX-2/PGE2, LXA4 [34,97,122,123,124] Rv-D1, Rv-E1, E2, Protectins [125] EVs, Mt, MiRs [51,53,91,113,126,127,128,129,130,131,132]	↑ M2 Mφ and their ILs (by STAT 3,6, PPARγδ [30,56,95] ↓ M1 Mφ and their ILs [109,133] HO-1, antioxidants [34,134] IL-10 [32,123] TGF-β [32,95,132] Arg-1 [92,135]

* MSCs secrete mostly the same factors with or without Mφs; however, interaction with Mφs increases the quantity of these secreted factors; ↑ upregulation; ↓ downregulation.