Table 3.
External load variables based on time–motion analysis.
| Locomotive Categories | Authors | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belka et al. [40] | Cardinale et al. [10] | Manchado et al. [9] | Michalsik et al. [42] | Michalsik et al. [43] | Povoas et al. [47] | Povoas et al. [48] | ||
| STANDING STILL | FT (%) | - | 1.1 ± NA | - | 36.8 ± NA | 10.8 ± NA | 43 ± 9.2 | 43 ± 6.9 |
| TDC (m) | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| WALKING | FT (%) | - | 50.4 ± NA | 30.8 ± 5.9 | 39.6 ± NA | 62.3 ± NA | 35.0 ± 6.9 | 34.9 ± 5.1 |
| TDC (m) | 444.4 ± 218.1 | - | 961 ± 539.0 | 1424 ± 265.0 | 2103 ± 334.0 | 2002 ± 427.2 | 2001 ± 313.0 | |
| JOGGING | FT (%) | - | 26.6 ± NA | - | 8.6 ± NA | 18.8 ± NA | 8.8 ± 3.1 | 8.7 ± 2.4 |
| TDC (m) | 1777 ± 268.1 | - | - | 618 ± 155.0 | 1114 ± 219.0 | 1014 ± 334.8 | 1014 ± 252.6 | |
| RUNNING | FT (%) | - | 14.8 ± NA | 29.1 ± 3.8 | 4.4 ± NA | 4.9 ± NA | - | - |
| TDC (m) | 1761.1 ± 269.7 | - | 761.0 ± 420.0 | 510 ± 121.0 | 496 ± 252.0 | - | - | |
| HIGH-INTENSITY RUNNING | FT (%) | - | 6.1 ± NA | 29.7 ± 3.9 | 1.4 ± NA | 0.7 ± NA | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.0 |
| TDC (m) | 1223.7 ± 223.6 | - | 752.0 ± 484.0 | 207 ± 91.0 | 93 ± 67.0 | 508 ± 281.6 | 508 ± 245.6 | |
| SPRINTING | FT (%) | - | 1 ± NA | 10.5 ± 4.1 | 0.4 ± NA | 0.2 ± NA | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.2 |
| TDC (m) | 1589.9 ± 233.4 | - | 272.0 ± 224.0 | 78 ± 91.0 | 10 ± 11.0 | 107 ± 87.3 | 107 ± 73.3 | |
Notes: FT = Fraction of total time; TDC = total distance covered; NA = not available; Belka et al. [40] = walking from 0.4 to 3.0 km/h, jogging from 3.1 to 8.0 km/h, running from 8.1 to 13.0 km/h, high-intensity running from 13.1 to 18 km/h, sprinting faster than 18.1 km/h; Cardinale et al. [10] = walking from 0.2 to 1.9 m∙s−1, jogging from 2.0 to 3.9 m∙s−1, running from 4.0 to 5.4 m∙s−1, high-intensity running from 5.5 to 6.9 m∙s−1, sprinting faster than 7.0 m∙s−1; Manchado et al. [9] = walking from 0.1 to 1.3 m∙s−1, running from 1.4 to 3.0 m∙s−1, high-intensity running from 3.1 to 5.2 m∙s−1, sprinting faster than 5.2 m∙s−1; Michalsik et al. [42,43] = walking from 4.0 to 7.9 km/h, jogging from 8.0 to 12.9 km/h, running from 13.0 to 16.9 km/h, high-intensity running from 17.0 to 23.9 km/h, sprinting faster than 24.0 km/h; Povoas et al. [47,48] = walking from 0.37 to 3.6 km/h, jogging from 3.7 to 10.8 km/h, high-intensity running from 18.1 to 25.0 km/h, sprinting faster than 25.1 km/h.