Figure 5.

KSHV miRNA: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-encoded miRNAs exhibit dysregulation of host signaling pathways. The viral miRNAs block apoptosis by inhibiting the gene expression of caspase-3 protein, modulating latent/lytic infection by facilitating viral genome integration into the host chromosome and aborting the cell-cycle arrest by inhibiting the P21 protein synthesis to initiate cellular replication. KSHV miRNA blocks MYD88 activity, thereby inhibiting the innate immune response against the virus. Several miRNAs are reported to facilitate viral entry by modulating expression of several host proteins.