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. 2023 Feb 6;24(4):3207. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043207

Figure 10.

Figure 10

Models of human and macaque MCT8-deficient motor cortex. The models include our results and show possible cortical functional microcircuitry physiopathogenic mechanisms. A deficiency of MCT8, the most important route for circulating TH into the brain, results in a lack of TH throughout the brain. Pyramidal cells and interneurons expressing MCT8 are shown in yellow. Pyramidal cells non-expressing MCT8 are shown in green and interneurons non-expressing MCT8 are shown in blue. The lack of T3 and T4 may cause trophic deficits in pyramidal cells and interneurons, generating hyperexcitation on pyramidal cells due to the possible abnormal inhibitory function of the interneurons. Abnormalities in pyramidal cells may cause irregularities in their excitatory output signaling to intrinsic and extrinsic targets, producing symptoms such as spasticity, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, epilepsy, and others, depending on the final dendritic activity. Ba: basket cell, Bp: bipolar cell, Bt: bitufted cell, Ch: chandelier cell, CR, Cajal–Retzius cell, Db: double bouquet cell, Ma: Martinotti cell, Mp: multipolar cell, Ng: neurogliaform cell, Py: pyramidal cell, L I–VI: layers of the cerebral cortex, WM: white matter (scheme based on Szentágothai, 1975 [139] and Jones, 1993 [140]; created with BioRender.com).