3D-PEID	Three-dimensional paper-based electrochemical impedance device
4-MPBA	4-mercaptophenylboronic acid
ADAG	A1c-dervied average glucose
AG	Average glucose
AGE	Advanced glycation end products
ANBA	2-anthraceneboronic acid
APBA	Aminophenyl boronic acid
AQBA	Anthraquinone boronic acid
AuNF	Gold nanoflowers
AuNPs	Gold nanoparticles
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
CdTe	Cadmium telluride
CE	Certification Europe
CLIA	Clinical laboratory improvement amendments
CMOS	Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor
CNF	Carbon nanofibers
CS	Chitosan
Cys	Cystamine
DCIP	Dichlorophenol indophenol
DMSO	Dimethylsulphoxide
DPV	Differential pulse voltammetry
DTSP	3,3′-Dithio-bis-propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
EDC-NHS	ethyl (dimethylamino propyl) carbodiimide-N-hydroxysuccinimide
EIS	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ESM	Egg-shell membranes
FAO	Fructosyl amino acid oxidase
FcBA	Ferrocene boronic acid
FDA	US Food and Drug Administration
FDMA	1,1′-Di(aminomethyl)ferrocene
FET	Field-effect transistor
FPBA	4-formyl-phenylboronic acid
FPBA	Formylphenyl boronic acid
FPBA2	3-Formylphenyl boronic acid (2 moiety)
FPOX	Fructosyl peptide oxidase
FTO	Fluorine-doped tin oxide
FV	Fructosyl-valine
GA	Glutaraldehyde
GCE	Glassy carbon electrode
G-COOH	Carboxylic acid-functionalized graphene
GCPE	Glassy carbon paste electrode
GG	Glycation gap
GN	Graphene nanosheets
GO	Graphene oxide
GOx	Glucose oxidase
GPP	Glycosylated pentapeptide
GS	Graphite sheets
Hb	Hemoglobin
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin
HGI	Hemoglobin glycation index
HPLC	High-Performance liquid chromatography
IFCC	International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
ISFETs	Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors
ITO	Indium-doped tin oxide
IVD	In vitro diagnostics
LoD	Limit of detection
MEMS	Micro-electro-mechanical system
MIP	Molecularly imprinted polymer
MNP	Magnetic bio-nanoparticles
MPA	3-Mercaptopropionic acid
m-PMS	meta-phenazinemethosulphate
MU	11-mercapto-1-undecanol
MUA	11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid
MW	Oligo (phenyl ethynylene) molecular wires
MWCNTs	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
NGSP	National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program
OEG	Oligo (ethylene glycol)
PAMAM	Poly(amidoamine) G4 dendrimer
PAPBA	Poly(3-aminophenyl boronic acid)
PB	Prussian blue
PBS	Phosphate-buffered saline
PEEK	Polyether ether ketone
PET	Polyethylene terephthalate
PGE	Pyrolytic graphite working electrode
Ph-NH2	4-Aminophenyl
PIN5COOH	Poly indole-5-carboxylic acid
PoC	Point-of-care
POD	Peroxidase
PPy	Polypyrrole
PTA	12-phosphotungstic acid
PtNPs	Platinum nanoparticles
pTTBA	Poly (terthiophene benzoic acid)
PVA–SbQ	Poly(vinyl alcohol)–stylbazole
PVI	Polyvinylimidazole
QD	Quantum Dots
RBC	Red blood cells
rGO	Reduced graphene oxide
RSIDE	Ring-shaped interdigitated electrode
RVC	Reticulated vitreous carbon
SAM	Self-assembled monolayer
SoCA	Fructosyl amino acid-binding protein
SPCE	Screen-printed carbon electrode
SRA	Stringent Regulatory Authority
SRMPs	Secondary reference measurement procedures
SWV	Square wave voltammetry
T3BA	Thiophene-3-boronic acid
TEOS	Tetraethyl orthosilicate
tHb	Total Hb
TiNT	Titania nanotubes
TiO2(G) NW	Graphene-embedded TiO2 nanowires
TTBA	2,2′:5′,5″-terthiophene-3′-p-benzoic acid
WS2NPs	Tungsten disulfide nanoparticles
UCNPs	Upconversion nanoparticles
ZnONPs	Zinc oxide nanoparticles
ZrO2	Zirconium dioxide