Table 1.
The demographic and clinical profile of study participants.
| ALS (n = 12) | HC (n = 12) | Statistical Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.83 ± 10.53 | 52.92 ± 9.37 | 0.103 |
| Sex (M/F) | 7/5 | 5/7 | 0.414 |
| Education (years) | 14.08 ± 2.81 | 14.17 ± 2.59 | 0.940 |
| Handedness (Rt/Lt) | 12/0 | 12/0 | - |
| MMSE | 28.25 ± 1.22 | 28.50 ± 1.17 | 0.613 |
| Disease duration from symptom onset (m) | 25.33 ± 22.74 | - | - |
| ALSFRS-R | 38.25 ± 7.89 | - | - |
Note. ALS = healthy controls; HC = healthy controls; M/F = male/female; Rt/Lt = right/left; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; m = months; ALSFRS-R = Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised. Between-group comparisons were performed using t-test for independent samples (age, education, and MMSE) and χ2 (gender distribution).