Table 1.
The reported resistance mechanism of H. armigera and P. gossypiella in previous publications in China.
| Insects | Resistance Mechanism | Inheritance | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mutations | Genes | Frequency (%) | |||
| H. armigera | Protease | Haserpin-e (up) | / 2 | / | [36] |
| HaTryR (down) | / | / | [37] | ||
| Cadherin 1 | HaCad (down) | 8.7% | Recessive | [24,31] | |
| Tetraspanin 1 | HaTSPAN1 (down) | 10% | Dominant | [38] | |
| ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCC2/3) 1 | HaABCC2/3 (down) | / | Recessive | [39] | |
| Aminopeptidase N (HaAPN1-96S) | apn1 | / | / | [40] | |
| Alkaline phosphatase (HaALP1f) | HaALP1/2 | / | Matrilineal | [41] | |
| P. gossypiella | Cadherin 1 | r1/2PgCad1 | / | Recessive | [42] |
| r13PgCad1 | / | Recessive | [43] | ||
| r14PgCad1 | / | Recessive | [44] | ||
| r15PgCad1 | / | Recessive | [45] | ||
| r16PgCad1 | / | Recessive | [46] | ||
| r17/18PgCad1 | / | Recessive | [42] | ||
| r19/20PgCad1 | / | Recessive | [47] | ||
| PgCad189/88 | 0.02/3% | Recessive | [48] | ||
| PgCad47 | 0.03% | Recessive | [48] | ||
| PgCad65 | / | Recessive | [48] | ||
“1” Found in a field population; the others were detected in the selected Cry1Ac resistance strain in the laboratory. “2” Lack of data.