Table 3.

Results of regression analyses (intention-to-treat).

	M ± SD			Primary Analyses				Secondary Analysis
				UG vs. WL		GoD vs. WL		UG vs. GoD
Variable	UG (n = 129)	GoD (n = 130)	WL (n = 127)	β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p
Primary Outcome
Mindfulness (FMI)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	30.56 ± 4.74 34.59 ± 4.75 36.84 ± 4.86 36.49 ± 5.28	29.29 ± 4.91 34.45 ± 4.53 36.19 ± 5.10 37.26 ± 5.12	29.71 ± 4.71 30.75 ± 5.32 31.50 ± 5.17 31.89 ± 5.29	0.65 [0.41; 0.88] 0.88 [0.62; 1.13] 0.73 [0.49; 0.97]	<0.001 <0.001 <0.001	0.76 [0.53; 0.99] 0.88 [0.63; 1.13] 0.97 [0.69; 1.25]	<0.001 <0.001 <0.001	0.07 [−0.17; 0.31] −0.02 [−0.30; 0.26] 0.22 [−0.03; 0.48]	0.560 0.898 0.084
Secondary Outcomes
Depression (PHQ-9)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	9.19 ± 4.41 8.07 ± 3.87 6.94 ± 4.28 6.99 ± 4.15	9.34 ± 4.35 7.96 ± 3.88 6.54 ± 4.05 6.67 ± 4.12	9.17 ± 4.47 8.99 ± 4.43 8.35 ± 4.26 8.29 ± 4.18	−0.23 [−0.46; −0.00] −0.33 [−0.62; −0.05] −0.31 [−0.62; −0.01]	0.048 0.020 0.045	−0.28 [−0.52; −0.04] −0.44 [−0.68; −0.21] −0.40 [−0.69; −0.12]	0.025 <0.001 0.007	−0.05 [−0.28; 0.19] −0.11 [−0.40; 0.18] −0.09 [−0.47; 0.28]	0.706 0.465 0.620
Anxiety (GAD-7)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	8.35 ± 3.96 7.22 ± 3.73 6.35 ± 4.09 6.37 ± 3.82	9.16 ± 4.28 6.69 ± 3.61 5.85 ± 4.14 5.55 ± 3.80	8.71 ± 4.34 8.25 ± 4.07 8.18 ± 4.79 8.10 ± 4.60	−0.22 [−0.46; 0.02] −0.36 [−0.64; −0.08] −0.37 [−0.65; −0.08]	0.077 0.014 0.012	−0.46 [−0.70; −0.23] −0.58 [−0.83; −0.33] −0.66 [−0.96; −0.36]	<0.001 <0.001 <0.001	−0.23 [−0.49; 0.03] −0.20 [−0.48; 0.09] −0.28 [−0.53; −0.03]	0.082 0.166 0.026
Stress (PSS-4)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	7.71 ± 2.92 6.52 ± 2.84 6.27 ± 3.16 6.02 ± 3.22	7.82 ± 3.14 6.21 ± 2.78 5.40 ± 2.81 5.29 ± 3.12	7.76 ± 3.01 7.55 ± 2.85 7.27 ± 3.14 6.79 ± 3.13	−0.35 [−0.60; −0.09] −0.31 [−0.59; −0.03] −0.23 [−0.51; 0.05]	0.008 0.030 0.102	−0.47 [−0.73; −0.22] −0.60 [−0.85; −0.35] −0.47 [−0.79; −0.16]	<0.001 <0.001 0.004	−0.12 [−0.41; 0.16] −0.29 [−0.56; −0.03] −0.24 [−0.58; 0.09]	0.390 0.031 0.155
Well-being (WHO-5)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	9.64 ± 4.09 11.04 ± 4.57 12.39 ± 5.13 13.19 ± 4.85	9.90 ± 4.45 12.65 ± 4.21 13.05 ± 5.13 12.94 ± 4.75	9.82 ± 4.36 10.22 ± 4.68 10.41 ± 4.79 11.22 ± 5.05	0.20 [−0.07; 0.46] 0.40 [0.13; 0.67] 0.42 [0.09; 0.75]	0.140 0.004 0.015	0.52 [0.27; 0.77] 0.51 [0.24; 0.77] 0.34 [0.06; 0.61]	<0.001 <0.001 0.016	0.32 [0.05; 0.60] 0.10 [−0.21; 0.42] −0.08 [−0.37; 0.21]	0.023 0.508 0.589
Presenteeism (SPS)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	54.73 ± 6.78 - 54.49 ± 7.85 54.81 ± 7.42	55.00 ± 6.60 - 55.44 ± 7.62 54.09 ± 8.12	55.41 ± 7.36 - 55.20 ± 7.66 55.29 ± 7.84	- −0.07 [−0.39; 0.25] −0.04 [−0.33; 0.24]	- 0.682 0.774	- 0.05 [−0.24; 0.33] −0.14 [−0.50; 0.22]	- 0.744 0.436	- 0.11 [−0.19; 0.42] −0.10 [−0.47; 0.27)	- 0.462 0.588
Work Output
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	63.46 ± 21.25 - 67.60 ± 23.64 69.58 ± 25.07	62.98 ± 21.65 - 71.79 ± 22.87 70.56 ± 24.11	63.09 ± 22.98 - 66.14 ± 22.61 68.94 ± 23.25	- 0.06 [−0.26; 0.37] 0.02 [−0.27; 0.31]	- 0.724 0.896	- 0.25 [−0.01; 0.50] 0.07 [−0.21; 0.35]	- 0.060 0.617	- 0.19 [−0.13; 0.51] 0.05 [−0.29; 0.39]	- 0.243 0.768
Absenteeism
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	5.95 ± 14.33 - 6.81 ± 16.63 6.14 ± 16.27	5.46 ± 8.56 - 5.40 ± 13.01 3.59 ± 7.69	6.31 ± 11.99 - 6.02 ± 17.56 4.52 ± 10.79	- 0.07 [−0.21; 0.34] 0.15 [−0.14; 0.44]	- 0.631 0.305	- −0.01 [−0.27; 0.26] −0.06 [−0.27; 0.15]	- −0.962 0.588	- −0.07 [−0.35; 0.20] −0.19 [−0.46; 0.09]	- 0.597 0.181
Interoceptive Sensibility (BPQ)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	65.44 ± 18.68 - 66.81 ± 22.73 62.37 ± 22.46	60.20 ± 14.55 - 60.00 ± 19.10 61.17 ± 21.37	64.74 ± 18.16 - 60.89 ± 20.13 60.75 ± 19.06	- 0.26 [0.01; 0.51] 0.05 [−0.19; 0.30]	- 0.039 0.666	- 0.09 [−0.14; 0.33] 0.17 [−0.09; 0.43]	- 0.439 0.203	- −0.17 [−0.43; 0.09] 0.12 [−0.18; 0.43]	- 0.191 0.424
Self-efficacy (SES)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	26.40 ± 4,00 27.98 ± 3.82 28.81 ± 4.48 29.18 ± 4.90	25.67 ± 4.99 27.92 ± 4.17 29.16 ± 4.90 28.99 ± 5.09	25.74 ± 4.43 25.65 ± 4.30 25.79 ± 4.82 26.21 ± 5.15	0.45 [0.24; 0.66] 0.51 [0.29; 0.73] 0.48 [0.19; 0.76]	<0.001 <0.001 0.002	0.55 [0.33; 0.76] 0.69 [0.46; 0.92] 0.54 [0.23; 0.85]	<0.001 <0.001 0.001	0.09 [−0.14; 0.31] 0.17 [−0.07; 0.40] 0.05 [−0.27; 0.38]	0.441 0.156 0.740
Cognitive Fusion (CFQ-D)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	31.67 ± 8.28 28.71 ± 8.24 26.36 ± 8.44 24.69 ± 8.54	32.66 ± 7.29 27.89 ± 8.37 26.13 ± 8.43 24.38 ± 8.33	31.63 ± 8.20 30.33 ± 8.50 30.58 ± 8.62 29.24 ± 9.34	−0.20 [−0.42; 0.03] −0.49 [−0.70; −0.28] −0.51 [−0.76; −0.26]	0.083 <0.001 <0.001	−0.38 [−0.59; −0.17] −0.60 [−0.81; −0.38] −0.62 [−0.86; −0.39]	<0.001 <0.001 <0.001	−0.18 [−0.40; 0.04] −0.10 [−0.32; 0.12] −0.11 [−0.39; 0.17]	0.108 0.376 0.443
Alexithymia (TAS-20)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	49.98 ± 11.20 47.33 ± 10.58 45.70 ± 10.63 44.73 ± 11.47	50.67 ± 11.83 46.86 ± 10.22 44.45 ± 10.34 43.77 ± 11.25	48.50 ± 11.67 48.16 ± 11.29 47.77 ± 11.30 47.05 ± 11.58	−0.18 [−0.36; −0.01] −0.30 [−0.47; −0.12] −0.30 [−0.52; −0.08]	0.043 0.001 0.009	−0.27 [−0.44; −0.09] −0.45 [−0.63; −0.27] −0.42 [−0.64; −0.20]	0.003 <0.001 <0.001	−0.09 [−0.28; 0.11] −0.16 [−0.34; 0.03] −0.13 [−0.36; 0.11]	0.368 0.094 0.280
Emotion Regulation–Expressive Suppression (ERQ–SP)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	14.95 ± 5.24 14.88 ± 4.76 14.07 ± 5.19 13.65 ± 5.13	14.26 ± 4.94 13.92 ± 4.59 13.25 ± 4.65 13.40 ± 4.79	14.53 ± 5.34 15.04 5.23 14.94 ± 5.58 14.96 ± 5.52	−0.08 [−0.31; 0.14] −0.22 [−0.45; 0.01] −0.30 [−0.53; −0.07]	0.468 0.059 0.012	−0.19 [−0.41; 0.026] −0.29 [−0.52; −0.09] −0.27 [−0.53; −0.01]	0.083 0.015 0.044	−0.12 [−0.33; 0.10] −0.08 [−0.32; 0.15] 0.02 [−0.27; 0.31]	0.289 0.481 0.894
Emotion Regulation–Cognitive Reappraisal (ERQ–RE)
Baseline 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months	23.98 ± 6.05 25.73 ± 5.67 27.97 ± 5.86 28.19 ± 6.57	22.78 ± 7.02 25.18 ± 6.08 26.87 ± 6.34 27.51 ± 7.03	27.61 ± 6.07 23.70 ± 6.33 24.19 ± 6.82 24.65 ± 6.69	0.33 [0.10; 0.55] 0.57 [0.31; 0.84] 0.51 [0.19; 0.82]	0.005 <0.001 0.002	0.35 [0.12; 0.57] 0.50 [0.23; 0.77] 0.48 [0.15; 0.82]	0.003 <0.001 0.005	0.01 [−0.23; 0.25] −0.09 [−0.40; 0.23] −0.02 [−0.36; 0.32]	0.943 0.581 0.908

Notes: BPQ—Body Perception Questionnaire; CFQ-D—Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire; CI—confidence interval; ERQ-RE—Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Cognitive Reappraisal); ERQ-SP—Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Expressive Suppression); FMI—Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory; GAD-7—Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire; GoD—guidance on demand; M—mean, n—number; PHQ-9—Patient Health Questionnaire; PSS-4—Short Form Perceived Stress Scale; SD—standard deviation; SES—Self-Efficacy Scale; SPS—Stanford Presenteeism Scale, TAS-20—Toronto Alexithymia Scale; UG—unguided; WHO-5—World Health Organization Well-Being Index. Significant comparisons (p ≤ 0.05) are in bold.