Table 4.
Effect sizes (Cohen’s d, 95% CI), intention-to-treat.
| Variable | UG vs. WL | GoD vs. WL | UG vs. GoD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness (FMI) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
0.76 [0.51; 1.02] 1.06 [0.80; 1.32] 0.87 [0.61; 1.13] |
0.75 [0.50; 1.00] 0.91 [0.66; 1.17] 1.03 [0.77; 1.29] |
−0.03 [−0.28; 0.21] −0.13 [−0.37; 0.11] 0.15 [−0.09; 0.39] |
| Depression (PHQ-9) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
−0.22 [−0.47; 0.02] −0.33 [−0.58; −0.08] −0.31 [−0.56; −0.07] |
−0.25 [−0.49; −0.00] −0.44 [−0.68; −0.19] −0.39 [−0.64; −0.14] |
−0.03 [−0.27; 0.22] −0.09 [−0.33; 0.15] −0.08 [−0.32; 0.17] |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
−0.27 [−0.51; −0.02] −0.41 [−0.66; −0.16] −0.41 [−0.66; −0.16] |
−0.41 [−0.65; −0.16] −0.52 [−0.77; −0.27] −0.61 [−0.86; −0.36] |
−0.14 [−0.39; 0.10] −0.12 [−0.37; 0.12] −0.22 [−0.46; 0.03] |
| Stress (PSS-4) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
−0.36 [−0.61; −0.11] −0.32 [−0.56; −0.07] −0.24 [−0.49; 0.00] |
−0.48 [−0.72; −0.23] −0.63 [−0.88; −0.37] −0.48 [−0.73; −0.23] |
−0.11 [−0.36; 0.13] −0.29 [−0.54; −0.05] −0.29 [−0.47; 0.02] |
| Well-being (WHO-5) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
0.18; [−0.07; 0.42] 0.40 [0.15; 0.65] 0.40 [0.15; 0.65] |
0.55 [0.30; 0.79] 0.53 [0.28; 0.78] 0.35 [0.10; 0.60] |
0.37 [0.12; 0.61] 0.13 [−0.12; 0.37] −0.05 [−0.30; 0.19] |
| Presenteeism (SPS) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
- −0.09 [−0.34; 0.15] −0.06 [−0.31; 0.18] |
- 0.03 [−0.21; 0.28] −0.15 [−0.40; 0.10] |
- 0.12 [−0.12; 0.37] −0.09 [−0.34; 0.15] |
| Work Output | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
- −0.06 [0.18; 0.31] 0.03 [−0.22; 0.27] |
- 0.25 [0.00; 0.49] 0.07 [−0.18; 0.31] |
- −0.18 [−0.42; 0.064] −0.04 [−0.28; 0.20] |
| Absenteeism | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
- 0.05 [−0.20; 0.29] 0.12 [−0.13; 0.36] |
- −0.04 [−0.29; 0.20] −0.10 [−0.35; 0.14] |
- 0.10 [−0.15; 0.34] 0.21 [−0.03; 0.46] |
| Interoceptive Sensibility (BPQ) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
- 0.28 [0.03; 0.52] 0.08 [−0.17; 0.32] |
- −0.05 [−0.29; 0.20] 0.02 [−0.22; 0.27] |
- −0.33 [−0.57; −0.08] −0.05 [−0.30; 0.19] |
| Self-efficacy (SES) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
0.57 [0.32; 0.82] 0.65 [0.40; 0.90] 0.59 [0.34; 0.84] |
0.54 [0.29; 0.78] 0.69 [0.44; 0.94] 0.54 [0.29; 0.79] |
−0.02 [−0.26; 0.23] 0.07 [−0.17; 0.32] −0.04 [−0.28; 0.21] |
| Cognitive Fusion (CFQ-D) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
−0.19 [−0.44; 0.052] −0.49 [−0.74; −0.25] −0.51 [−0.76; −0.26] |
−0.29 [−0.54; −0.04] −0.52 [−0.77; −0.27] −0.55 [−0.80; −0.30] |
−0.10 [−0.34; 0.14] −0.03 [−0.27; 0.22] −0.04 [−0.28; 0.21] |
| Alexithymia (TAS-20) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
−0.08 [−0.32; 0.17] −0.19 [−0.43; 0.06] −0.20 [−0.45; 0.04] |
−0.12 [−0.37; 0.12] −0.31 [−0.55; −0.06] −0.29 [−0.53; −0.04] |
−0.05 [−0.29; 0.20] −0.12 [−0.36; 0.12] −0.08 [−0.33; 0.16] |
| Emotion Regulation–Expressive Suppression (ERQ–SP) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 months |
−0.03 [−0.28; 0.21] −0.16 [−0.41; 0.08] −0.25 [−0.49; 0.00] |
−0.23 [−0.47; 0.02] −0.33 [−0.58; −0.08] −0.30 [−0.55; −0.06] |
−0.21 [−0.45; 0.04] −0.17 [−0.41; 0.078] −0.05 [−0.29; 0.19] |
| Emotion Regulation–Cognitive Reappraisal (ERQ–RE) | |||
| 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 weeks |
0.34 [0.09; 0.58] 0.60 [0.34; 0.85] 0.53 [0.28; 0.78] |
0.24 [−0.01; 0.48] 0.41 [0.16; 0.65] 0.42 [0.17; 0.66] |
−0.09 [−0.34; 0.15] −0.18 [−0.42; 0.06] −0.10 [−0.34; 0.14] |
Notes: BPQ—Body Perception Questionnaire; CFQ-D—Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire; ERQ-RE—Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Cognitive Reappraisal); ERQ-SP—Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Expressive Suppression); FMI—Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory; GAD-7—Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire; GoD—guidance on demand; PHQ-9—Patient Health Questionnaire; PSS-4—Short Form Perceived Stress Scale; SES—Self-Efficacy Scale; SPS—Stanford Presenteeism Scale, TAS-20—Toronto Alexithymia Scale; UG—unguided, WHO-5—World Health Organization Well-Being Index.