Table 1.

Summary of findings outlining the effects of added sugar consumption.

Condition	Relationship	Impact on Related Systems
CHD [14,15,16,17,18]	↑	Dyslipidaemia [15,19,20,21,22,23] Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines [15,23,24] Reduced insulin sensitivity [23]
Stroke [25,26,27,28]	↑
T2DM [29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38]	↑	Dyslipidaemia [15,19,20,21,22,23] Hyperglycaemia [21] Increased adipose tissue [21,39] Increased de novo lipogenesis [21] Increased liver fat [39,40] Reduced insulin sensitivity [23]
NAFLD [40]	↑
Metabolic Syndrome [41,42,43]	↑
Executive function [8,10,28,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56]	↓	Hippocampal dysfunction [10,48,50,52,57,58] Microbiome dysbiosis [24,59] Neuroinflammation [48,50] Reduced Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression [60,61] Alterations in dopaminergic signalling [49,62]
Obesity [21,37,43,63]	↑	Increased adipose tissue [21,39] Reduced insulin sensitivity [21,22] Alterations in dopamine signalling [49,62]

Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; ↑ increased/increasing; ↓ decreased/decreasing.