Table 2.

Highly expressed SLC transporters, which have been utilized to improve anticancer drug delivery to cancer cells.

Gene Name	Protein Name	Natural Substrates	Tissue Expression	High Expression in Cancer	Utilization in Anticancer Drug Delivery	References
SLC2A1	GLUT1	Glucose, galactose, mannose, glucosamine	Erythrocytes, brain, (endothelial cells), blood-tissue barrier, several fetal tissues	Liver, brain, renal, pancreatic, lung, breast, esophageal, endometrial, ovarian, colorectal and cervical cancers	dGlu-conjugated nanoparticles, D-glucosamine-conjugated nanoparticles, DHA-conjugated micelles, polymeric micelles. glucose-platinum conjugates	[35,278,279,280,281,282,283]
SLC16A1	MCT1	lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies	Ubiquitous	Prostate cancer, lymphoma, peritoneal carcinomatosis and oral cavity cancer	β-hydroxybutyric acid -conjugated nanoparticles, 3-bromopyruvate	[35,284,285,286,287,288,289,290]
SLC7A5	LAT1	Phenylalanine, leucine, tryptophan	Brain (endothelial cells), testis, retina, esophagus, testis, placenta and bone marrow	Colorectal cancer, gliomablastoma, triple-negative breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancers and MYC driver ER-positive breast cancer	L-phenylalanine prodrug of melphalan, threonine-derivative of gemcitabine, aspartate derivative of doxorubicin, liposomes of L-Dopa functionalized amphiphile, lysine-conjugated methotrexate, L- and D-Dopa conjugated anisotropic gold nanoparticles, lysine- and aromatic amino acid-mustards, α-methyl-L-tyrosine conjugate of Astatine-211, tyrosine-conjugated liposomes, L-tyrosine ester- and amide-conjugates of chlorambucil	[35,164,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299]
SLC1A5	ASCT2	L-alanine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-glutamine, L- asparagine	Lung, skeletal muscle, large intestine, kidney, testis, adipose tissue	Colon, kidney, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, stomach and cutaneous cancers	Glutamine-conjugated β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of doxorubicin, polyglutamine for siRNA delivery	[35,300,301,302]
SLC6A14	ATB0,+	Neutral, cationic amino acids	Lung, trachea, salivary gland, mammary gland, stomach, pituitary gland, intestine, uterus, prostate, testis	Colorectal, pancreatic and cervical cancer	Lysine-conjugated liposomes, lysine and polyoxyethylene stearate -conjugated liposomes, aspartate-polyoxyethylene stearate -conjugated liposomes,	[35,303,304,305,306,307,308]
SLC15A1	PEPT1	Di- and tripeptides, protons, beta-lactam antibiotics	Small intestine, kidney, pancreas, bile duct, liver	Prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Prolyl and lysyl floxuridine prodrugs, Gly-Gly-Gly conjugate of doxorubicin	[35,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316]

dGlu–2-deoxy-d-glucose; DHA–dehydroascorbic acid.