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. 2023 Feb 8;15(2):567. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020567

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Singlet oxygen as a trigger for BBBO: (a)—The MRI data representing T2 (anatomical scan); (b)—The MRI data representing 15th rapid T1 MRI scan after the Gd-DTPA injection before the 1268 laser irradiation; (c)—The MRI data representing 15th rapid T1 MRI scan after the Gd-DTPA injection of the same brain 1 h after the 1268 laser irradiation; (d)—The MRI data representing 15th rapid T1 MRI scan after the Gd-DTPA injection 1 h after the 1122 laser irradiation; (e)—The Ki values (arbitrary units, a.u.) that is the rate of changes in the MRI signal intensity, reflecting the essential BBB leakage at 1 h after the 1268 nm laser irradiation with rapid the BBB recovery and no effect of the laser 1122 nm, n = 10, ** p < 0.01 vs. the basal value, the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test; (f–m)—The in vivo 2PLSM of the BBB permeability for FITCD 70 kDa in mice subjected to laser irradiation with 1268 nm and 1122 nm. The analysis of microvascular permeability was performed before (no), 1 h and 4 h after the laser irradiation; (f)—The representative 2PLSM micrographs of mouse parietal cortex microvasculature 1 h after the laser irradiation with 1268 nm just after injection of FITCD; (g)—The same region at 20 min after FITCD injection, arrowheads point the FITCD leakage; (h)—The representative micrographs of microvasculature of the cortex irradiated with the laser 1122 nm at 20 min after the FITCD injection. No FITCD leakage was observed; (i)—The percentage fluorescence intensity in perivascular area of the brain tissues reflecting the maximum BBB leakage 1 h after the 1268 nm but not 1122 nm laser irradiation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 10, ** p < 0.01, the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test; (j)—Time course of the FITCD extravasation showing its increased permeability 1 h after the 1268 nm irradiation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 10; (k)—Time course of the FITCD extravasation showing no significant changes after irradiation with the 1122 laser irradiation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 10; (l)—The estimation of the FITCD concentration in the brain perivascular parenchyma and in the blood plasma at 20 min after the FITCD injection and 1 h after the laser 1268 nm irradiation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 10, ** p < 0.01 vs. the basal value, the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test; (m)—The estimation of the FITCD concentration in brain perivascular parenchyma and blood plasma at 20 min after the FITCD injection and 1 h after the laser 1122 laser irradiation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 10.