Table 4.
| Phytonutrient | Name | Content |
|---|---|---|
| Anthocyanins | Delfinidyn derivatives * | 31.27–43.87 mg/100 g dm |
| Delfinidyn-3-O-glucoside * | 1.1–1.8 mg/100 g dm | |
| Cyanidin derivatives * | 442–967 mg/100 g dm | |
| Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside * | 119.9–180.0 mg/100 g dm | |
| Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside * | 5.5–7.3 mg/100 g dm | |
| Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside * | 64.5–95.6 mg/100 g dm | |
| Peonidin-3-O-galactoside * | 131.3–310.3 mg/100 g dm | |
| Peonidin-3-O-arabinoside * | 42.9–95.2 mg/100 g dm | |
| Peonidin derivatives * | 192–666 mg/100 g dm | |
| Malvidin derivatives * | 29.85–58.85 mg/100 g dm | |
| Malvidin-3-O-arabinoside * | 1.4–1.9 mg/100 g dm | |
| Total anthocyanins * | 695–1716 mg/100 g dm | |
| Phenolic acid | p–Coumaric acid *** | 2–245 µg/g dw |
| p-Coumaroyl hexose * | 8.6–13.9 mg/100 g dm | |
| p-Coumaroyl hexose isomer * | 3.6–50.0 mg/100 g dm | |
| p-Coumaroyl derivatives * | 210–451 mg/100 g dm | |
| Chlorogenic acid * | 72.00–129.62 mg/100 g dm | |
| Caffeic acid *** | 5–123 µg/g dw | |
| Caffeoyl hexoside * | 92.7–190.2 mg/100 g dm | |
| Caffeoyl hexoside isomer * | 10.9–17.5 mg/100 g dm | |
| Caffeoyl and derivatives * | 39.93–68.28 mg/100 g dm | |
| Ferulic acid *** | 4–39 µg/g dw | |
| Total phenolic acid * | 327–649 mg/100 g dm | |
| Flavonols | Myricetin-3-O-galactoside * | 156.5–348.4 mg/100 g dm |
| Myricetin-3-O-glucoside * | 1.8–6.6 mg/100 g dm | |
| Myricetin-3-O-pentoside * | 6.3–55.6 mg/100 g dm | |
| Myricetin-3-O-glucoronide * | 19.0–38.5 mg/100 g dm | |
| Myricetin-arabinoside *** | 8–273 µg/g dw | |
| Sinapoyl derivatives * | 4.36–5.82 mg/100 g dm | |
| Myricetin derivatives * | 496–926 mg/100 g dm | |
| Quercetin-3-O-galactoside * | 294.6–375.8 mg/100 g dm | |
| Quercetin-3-O-pentoside * | 21.2–122.9 mg/100 g dm | |
| Quercetin-3-O-glucoside * | 4.8–11.5 mg/100 g | |
| Quercetin-p conmaroylhexoside * | 1.3–13.3 mg/100 g dm | |
| Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside * | 6.2–13.3 mg/100 g dm | |
| Quercetin-rutinoside ***** | 12.0 mg/100 g fw | |
| Quercetin-acetyl-glucosidase ***** | 13.58 mg/100 g fw | |
| Quercetin derivatives * | 107–225 mg/100 g dm | |
| Methoxyquercetin hexoside * | 1.7–25.7 mg/100 g dm | |
| Methoxyquercetin pentoside * | 3.4–61.0 mg/100 g dm | |
| Methoxyquercetin derivatives * | 33.31–43.04 mg/100 g dm | |
| Total flavonols * | 643–1088 mg/100 g dm | |
| Flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins | (+)-Catechin * | 2.79–7.53 mg/100 g dm |
| (−)-Epicatechin * | 27.46–56.84 mg/100 g dm | |
| A-type PA-dimer * | 16.94–32.07 mg/100 g dm | |
| A-type PA-trimer * | 27.82–76.94 mg/100 g dm | |
| A-type PA-tetramer * | 41.51–65.61 mg/100 g dm | |
| B-type PA–dimer * | 12.62–36.75 mg/100 g dm | |
| B-type PA–trimer ****** | 0.04–2.93 mg/100 g fw | |
| Polymeric proanthocyanidins * | 651–1109 mg/100 g dm | |
| Sinapyl hexose * | 2.0–3.3 mg/100 g dm | |
| Total flavan–3–ols and proanthocyanidins * | 860–1283 mg/100 g dm | |
| Triterpenoids | Ursolic acid * | 1044–1714 mg/kg dm |
| Oleanolic acid * | 894–1137 mg/100 g dm | |
| Betulinic acid * | 635–824 mg/kg dm | |
| Sum Triterpenoids * | 2892–3671 mg/kg dm | |
| Total Sterols (β–sitosterol and stigmasterol) **** | 107.83 mg/g fw |
dm—dry matter; dw—dry weight; fm—fresh matter; fw—fresh weight; methods used to identify phytonutrients: * LC/MS Q-TOF—Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Quadrupole Time-of-Flight; *** HPLC/ESI-MS/MS—high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry; **** HPLC-DAD—high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector; ***** HPLC-PDA—high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array; ****** UHPLC UV/MS—ultra-high performance ultra-violet mass spectrometer.