Table 1.
Multivariable logistic regression for hypertension according to the frequency of intake of coffee, tea, and carbonated beverages.
| Crude | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||
| Coffee intake | ||||
| <1 time/week | reference | reference | reference | reference |
| 1 time/week~<1 time/day | 0.53 (0.43–0.64) | 0.77 (0.58–1.01) | 0.74 (0.56–0.98) | 0.66 (0.49–0.90) |
| ≥1 time/day | 1.11 (0.94–1.32) | 0.70 (0.56–0.87) | 0.67 (0.54–0.85) | 0.66 (0.52–0.84) |
| Tea intake | ||||
| <1 time/week | reference | reference | reference | reference |
| 1 time/week~<1 time/day | 0.75 (0.65–0.87) | 1.37 (1.13–1.66) | 1.37 (1.13–1.66) | 1.46 (1.20–1.77) |
| ≥1 time/day | 1.93 (1.58–2.35) | 2.41 (1.90–3.08) | 2.44 (1.91–3.12) | 2.60 (2.02–3.34) |
| Carbonated beverage intake | ||||
| <1 time/week | reference | reference | reference | reference |
| 1 time/week~<1 time/day | 0.31 (0.27–0.36) | 1.12 (0.92–1.36) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) |
| ≥1 time/day | 0.18 (0.10–0.31) | 1.02 (0.52–1.97) | 1.04 (0.53–2.02) | 1.08 (0.55–2.11) |
| Women | ||||
| Coffee intake | ||||
| <1 time/week | reference | reference | reference | reference |
| 1 time/week~<1 time/day | 0.49 (0.42–0.57) | 1.10 (0.88–1.38) | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | 0.99 (0.78–1.26) |
| ≥1 time/day | 0.75 (0.66–0.85) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.92 (0.77–1.11) |
| Tea intake | ||||
| <1 time/week | reference | reference | reference | reference |
| 1 time/week~<1 time/day | 0.68 (0.59–0.77) | 1.41 (1.17–1.71) | 1.40 (1.16–1.69) | 1.58 (1.30–1.92) |
| ≥1 time/day | 1.47 (1.18–1.83) | 2.79 (2.05–3.78) | 2.77 (2.04–3.76) | 3.08 (2.21–4.30) |
| Carbonated beverage intake | ||||
| <1 time/week | reference | reference | reference | reference |
| 1 time/week~<1 time/day | 0.24 (0.21–0.29) | 1.30 (1.03–1.64) | 1.25 (0.98–1.58) | 1.11 (0.87–1.43) |
| ≥1 time/day | 0.36 (0.19–0.68) | 2.66 (1.16–6.11) | 2.43 (1.08–5.44) | 2.31 (0.86–6.22) |
The data are shown as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Model 1: adjusted for age. Model 2: adjusted for age and frequency of coffee, tea, and carbonated beverage intake. Model 3: adjusted for age, the frequency of intake of coffee, tea, and carbonated beverages, daily nutritional intake (total and fat), income, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, walking, body mass index status, and menopausal status (only in women).