Table 1.

List of the colorimetric biosensors for virus detection.

Material	Virus/Disease	Recognition Element	Dynamic Range	LOD	Real Sample	Reference
AuNPs	Dengue	PNA	0–12 µM	0.12 µM	-	[57]
AgNPs	MERS-CoV, HPV	PNA	20–1000 nM (MERS-CoV), 20–2500 nM (HPV)	1.53 nM (MERS-CoV),	-	[59]
AuNPs	HPV genotype 16 and 18	DNA probe	105 to 100 copies	102 (HPV 16) and 101 (HPV 18)	clinical cervical tissue specimens	[62]
AuNRs	HBV	DNA	0.045 to 6.0 nM	15 pM	Human blood	[68]
AuNPs	HBV, HCV	DNA	-	HBV: 3.6 × 104 fM; HCV: 3.6 × 105 fM	Serum	[69]
AuNPs	Influenza	aptamer	-	2 × 106 copies/mL	-	[70]
	Zika virus	Nucleic acids	-	5 PFU/mL	Saliva	[71]
AuNPs, AgNPs	Herpesvirus	DNA	10 pM–1 µM	1 nM	-	[72]
	Influenza A and B virus	aptamer	0.1 pg/mL– 1 mg/mL	0.30 pg/mL, 0.16 pg/mL	Patient samples	[73]
Copper nanoclusters	HBV	DNA	12 × 109 to 12 × 1013 molecules	12 × 109 molecules	Human serum	[74]
AuNPs	HCV	oligonucleotides	7.50 × 102 to 2.00 × 106 IU/mL	100 IU/mL (0.4 IU/µL)	Human blood	[75]
AuNPs	Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3)	DNA	100 ng/µL to 0.1 fg/µL	10 fg CyHV-3-AuNP DNA (30 virions)	Infected fish tissues	[76]