Figure 3.

Comparison of membrane binding by BA.2.75 spike conformational states. (A) The residues with moderate (pink) and substantial (red) membrane binding propensities in the SARS-CoV-2 variant BA.2.75’s spike protein trimer in its progressive closed, open, and singly and doubly ACE-2 bound states (PDBs: 8gs6, 7yqt, 7yr2, 7yr3) are shown in the side views from left to right. The viral membrane is shown as a grey slab, and the spike trimer is tilted to position host membrane binding interfaces above. Residues are labelled and coloured pink-red based on MODA scores of 20–40+. (B) The heatmap shows the membrane binding propensities of S residues. RBD position and ACE-2 occupancy are labelled left of the map, and the S state is on the right. Positions are coloured light blue–yellow–red to indicate MODA scores from 0-50-2000, as in the lower right scale, while grey indicates missing positions in the PDB files. The positions of the NTD, RBD, fusion peptide (FP), and heptad repeat 1 (HR1) are shown below.