Table 1.
Xanthones in Plants.
| Plants | Xanthone | Organ/Tissue | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acanthaceae | Oxygenated xanthones | Root | |
| Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)Nees | [34,35] | ||
| Anacardiaceae | Xanthone glycosides | Fruit peel | |
| Mangifera indica L. | [36,37] | ||
| Annonaceae | Oxygenated xanthones Prenylated xanthones Xantholignoids |
Fruit, resin, leaf, heartwood | |
| Anaxagorea luzonensis A.Gray | [38] | ||
| Orophea corymbosa Miq. | [39] | ||
| Asparagaceae | Xanthone glycosides, oxygenated xanthones Xantholignoids |
Rootstock, apical part, bulb, tuber | |
| Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge | [40,41,42] | ||
| Drimiopsis maculata Lindl. & Paxton | [43] | ||
| Ledebouria graminifolia (Baker) Jessop | [44] | ||
| Asteraceae | Oxygenated xanthones Xantholignoids |
Leaf | |
| Senecio mikanioides Otto ex Harv. | [45] | ||
| Bignoniaceae | Xanthone glycosides | Apical part | |
| Arrabidaea samydoides (Cham.) Sandwith | [46] | ||
| Bombacaceae | Xanthone glycosides | Leaf, flower | |
| Bombax ceiba L. | [47,48] | ||
| B. malabaricum DC. | [49] | ||
| Bonnetiaceae | Xanthone glycosides | Apical part | |
| Bonnetia dinizii Huber | [50] | ||
| Calophyllaceae Calophyllum apetalum Willd. |
Oxygenated xanthones Xantholignoids |
Heartwood stem bark, seed, root, wood | [51] |
| C. austroindicum Kosterm. ex P.F.Stevens | [52] | ||
| C. bracteatum Thwaites | [53] | ||
| C. brasiliense Vesque | [53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60] | ||
| C. calaba L. | [53,61] | ||
| C. canum Hook.f. ex T.Anderson | [62] | ||
| C. caledonicum Vieill. ex Planch. & Triana | [63,64,65,66,67] | ||
| C. castaneum P.F.Stevens | [9] | ||
| C. fragrans Ridl. | [68] | ||
| C. inophyllum L. | [69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78] | ||
| C. moonii Wight | [79] | ||
| C. neo-ebudicum Guillaumin | [80] | ||
| C. ramiflorum O.Schwarz | [81] | ||
| C. sclerophyllum Vesque | [82] | ||
| C. scriblitifolium M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm. | [83] | ||
| C. tetrapterum Miq. | [84] | ||
| C. tomentosum Wight | [85,86] | ||
| C. zeylanicum Kosterm. | [87] | ||
| Caraipa densiflora Kubitzki | [88,89] | ||
| Haploclathra leiantha Benth. | [90,91] | ||
| H. paniculata Benth. | [92,93] | ||
| Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc. | [88] | ||
| K. ferruginea A.P.B.Santos & Trad | [94] | ||
| K. rupestris Duarte | [95,96,97] | ||
| K. speciosa A.St.-Hil., A.Juss. & Cambess. | [98] | ||
| K. variabilis Mart. & Zucc. | [99] | ||
| Mesua ferrea L. | [78,100] | ||
| Cannabaceae | Bisxanthones | Bark | |
| Trema orientalis (L.) Blume | [101] | ||
| Caryophyllaceae | Oxygenated xanthones | Apical part | |
| Saponaria vaccaria L. | [102,103] | ||
| Celastraceae | Xanthone glycoside | Root | |
| Salacia reticulata Wight | [104] | ||
| Clusiaceae | Prenylated xanthones Xantholignoids Bisxanthones Oxygenated xanthones |
Heartwood, stem bark, fruit, seeds, leaf, root | |
| Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. | [105,106] | ||
| A. monticola Mildbr. ex Engl. | [107,108] | ||
| Garcinia cowa Roxb. | [109,110] | ||
| G. echinocarpa Thwaites | [111] | ||
| G. forbesii King | [112] | ||
| G. mangostana L. | [113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123] | ||
| G. nobilis Engl. | [124] | ||
| G. opaca King | [125] | ||
| G. ovalifolia Oliv. | [126] | ||
| G. paucinervis Chun & F.C.How | [117] | ||
| G. pedunculata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. | [127] | ||
| G. quadrifaria Baill. ex Pierre | [128] | ||
| G. staudtii Engl. | [128] | ||
| G. terpnophylla Thwaites | [113] | ||
| G. vieillardii Pierre | [129] | ||
| G. xanthochymus Hook.f. | [130] | ||
| Pentadesma butyracea Sabine | [131] | ||
| Symphonia globulifera L.f. | [132,133] | ||
| Eriocaulaceae | Oxygenated xanthones | Apical part | |
| Leiothrix curvifolia (Bong.) Ruhland | [134] | ||
| L. flavescens (Bong.) Ruhland | [134] | ||
| Fabaceae | Xanthone glycosides Prenylated xanthones |
Shoot | |
| Baphia kirkii Baker | [135] | ||
| Cyclopia genistoides (L.) R.Br. | [136] | ||
| C. intermedia E.Mey. | [136] | ||
| C. maculata (Andrews) Kies | [136] | ||
| C. sessiliflora Eckl. & Zeyh. | [136] | ||
| Gentianaceae | Oxygenated xanthones Xanthone glycosides |
Seed, root, leaf, rhizome | |
| Canscora decussata Schult. | [78] | ||
| Centaurium erythraea Raf. | [137,138,139] | ||
| C. cachanlahuen B.L.Rob. | [140] | ||
|
C. linarifolium (Lamark) G. Beck Frasera caroliniensis Walter |
[78,141] [142] |
||
| Gentiana acaulis L. | [143] | ||
|
G. lutea L. G. rhodantha Franch. |
[144,145,146] [147] |
||
|
Gentianella turkestanorum (Gand.) Holub Hoppea fastigiata Griseb. |
[148] [149] |
||
| Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. | [150,151] | ||
| S. mileensis T.N.Ho & W.L.Shih | [152] | ||
| S. punicea Hemsl. | [153,154] | ||
| S. purpurascens Wall. | [155] | ||
| S. randaiensis Hayata | [156] | ||
| S. japonica Makino | [156] | ||
| S. swertopsis Makino | [156] | ||
| S. davidii Franch. | [154,157] | ||
| Hypericaceae | Prenylated xanthones Oxygenated xanthones Xantholignoids Miscellaneous xanthones |
Fruit, stem bark, root, leaf | |
| Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume | [158,159] | ||
| C. formosum (Jack) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Dyer | [117,159,160] | ||
| C. pruniflorum Kurz | [161] | ||
| Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. | [71] | ||
| Hypericum androsaemum L. | [162] | ||
| H. canariensis L. | [163] | ||
|
H. geminiflorum Hemsl. H. japonicum Thunb |
[164] [165] |
||
| H. maculatum Crantz | [166] | ||
|
H. oblongifolium Choisy H. patulum Thunb. |
[167] [168,169,170,171] |
||
| H. perforatum L. | [13,172] | ||
| H. reflexum L.f. | [173] | ||
| H. riparium A.Chev. | [174] | ||
|
H. roeperianum G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. H. sampsonii Hance |
[175] [176,177,178] |
||
| H. subalatum Hayata | [179] | ||
|
Psorospermum adamauense Engl. Vismia guaramirangae Huber |
[180] [181] |
||
| Iridaceae | Xanthone glycosides | Apical part | |
| Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić | [182] | ||
| I. albicans Lange | [183] | ||
| I. florentina L. | [184] | ||
| I. germanica L. | [185] | ||
| I. nigricans Dinsm. | [186] | ||
| Lamiaceae | Oxygenated xanthones | Roots | |
| Premna microphylla Turcz. | [187] | ||
| Lecythidaceae | Oxygenated xanthones | Wood, bark | |
| Gustavia hexapetala (Aubl.) Sm. | [188] | ||
| Moraceae | Oxygenated xanthones Prenylated xanthones Xantholignoids Xanthone glycoside |
Root, twig, bark | |
|
Cudrania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Yakuro Kudo & Masam. Monnina obtusifolia Kunth Tovomita brasiliensis Mart. |
[189] [78,117] [190] |
||
| Nyssaceae | Oxygenated xanthones | Flower, fruit, stem, leaf | |
| Camptotheca acuminata Decne. | [191] | ||
| Poaceae | Xantholignoids | Apical part | |
| Chionochloa flavicans Zotov | [192] | ||
| Polygalaceae Polygala caudata Rehder & E.H.Wilson |
Oxygenated xanthones | Root | [193] |
| P. sibirica L. | [194] | ||
| P. tenuifolia Willd. | [195] | ||
| P. vulgaris L. | [196] | ||
| Polypodiaceae | Xanthone glycoside | Whole plant | |
| Pyrrosia sheareri (Baker) Ching | [154] | ||
| Rubiaceae | Xanthone glycoside | Leaf | |
| Coffea pseudozanguebariae Bridson | [32,197] | ||
| Thymeleaceae | Xanthone glycoside | Leaf, stem | |
| Gnidia involucrata Steud. ex A.Rich. | [198] | ||
| Zingiberaceae | Prenylated xanthones | Rhizome | |
| Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Gawl. | [199] |