Table 5.
In vivo therapeutic effects of quinones on experimental IBD.
| No. | Name | Type | Origin | Optimal Doses (/kg Body Weight) | Model | Potential Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 98 | Juglone | Naphthoquinone | Juglans nigra | 1 mg | DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in ICR mice | Regulation of intestinal microbiota and restoration of Th17/Treg homeostasis. | [18] |
| 99 | Emodin | Trihydroxyanthraquinone | Rheum palmatum | 20 mg | DSS-induced acute colitis in C57BL/6J mice | Increased PPAR-γ expression and inhibited NF-κB activity. | [123] |
| 100 | Shikonin | Naphthoquinone | Echium plantagineum | 25 mg | DSS-induced acute colitis in C57BL/6 mice | Alleviation of inflammation and mucosal barrier damage in UC. | [200] |
| 101 | Thymoquinone | Benzoquinone | Nigella sativa | 40 mg | DSS-induced acute colitis in C57BL/6J mice | Reducing inflammation through the Nrf2/Keap1 system. | [201] |
| 102 | Naphthoquinone-2 | Naphthoquinone derivative | Juglans nigra | 100 mg | DSS-induced acute colitis in Wistar rats | Suppression of colonic length, colonic mass index, and intestinal histopathology score. | [202] |
| 103 | Plumbagin | Naphthoquinone | Drosera slackii | 10 mg | DSS-induced acute colitis in C57BL/6J mice | Significantly reduced levels of circulating inflammatory monocytes (CD14+/CD16+) and cytokines (TNF-α and +-IFN-γ). | [203] |