Table 7.

In vivo therapeutic effects of coumarins on experimental IBD.

No.	Name	Type	Origin	Optimal Doses (/kg Body Weight)	Model	Potential Mechanism	References
138	4-methylesculetin	Hydroxycoumarin	/	25 mg	DSS-induced acute colitis in Swiss albino mice	Exerts anti-inflammatory properties.	[251]
				5 mg	TNBS-induced colitis in Wistar rats	Reduction of colonic oxidative stress and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production.	[252]
139	Daphnetin	Hydroxycoumarin	Euphorbia dracunculoides	16 mg	DSS-induced acute colitis in BALB/c mice	Regulation of microbiota composition and T reg/T h 17 balance.	[253]
140	Bergapten	Furocoumarin	Ficus virens	30 mg	Acetic acid-induced colitis in Sprague–Dawley rats	Reduction of acetic acid-induced inflammation, colonic damage and mast cell degranulation in rats.	[254]
141	Imperatorin	Furocoumarin	Angelica dahurica	60 mg	TNBS-induced colitis in Sprague–Dawley rats	Regulation of Nrf-2/ARE/HO-1 pathway in rats.	[255]
142	Osthole	Derivative of coumarin	Cnidium monnieri	100 mg	TNBS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice	Reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators and decreasing the phosphorylation level of p38.	[248]
				40 mg	DSS-induced acute colitis in BALB/c mice	Blocking the activation of NF-κB and MAPK/p38 pathways.	[249]
143	Esculetin	Hydroxycoumarin	Artemisia eriopoda	5 mg	TNBS-induced colitis in Wistar rats	Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and increased defense against reactive oxygen species.	[256]
144	Umbelliferone	Hydroxycoumarin	Ficus septica	30 mg	Acetic acid-induced colitis in Wistar rats	Regulation of TLR4/NF-κB-p65/iNOS and SIRT1/PPARγ signaling pathways in rats.	[250]
145	Imperatorin	Furocoumarin	Angelica archangelica	100 mg	DSS-induced acute colitis in C57BL/6 mice	By inhibiting NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory responses in a PXR/NF-κB-dependent manner.	[257]
146	Coumarin	Chromenone	Coumarou	5 mg	TNBS-induced colitis in Wistar rats	Prevents glutathione depletion due to colonic inflammation.	[258]
147	4-Hydroxycoumarin	Hydroxycoumarin	Coumarou	25 mg	TNBS-induced colitis in Wistar rats	Prevents glutathione depletion due to colonic inflammation.	[258]

“/” indicates that the reference is not mentioned or is unclear.