Table 1.
Known receptors used by viruses with gamma-type Envs for cell entry.
| Receptor | Transporter of | Fold | # of Membrane-Spanning Domains | Virus | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slc1a4 (ASCT1) | Neutral AA | Glt | 8 | REV | Gammaretrovirus | [185] |
| Slc1a4 (ASCT1) | Neutral AA | Glt | 8 | RD114 | Gammaretrovirus | [186] |
| Slc1a4 (ASCT1) | Neutral AA | Glt | 8 | SNV | Gammaretrovirus | [187] |
| Slc1a4/Slc1a5 (ASCT1/ASCT2) | Neutral AA | Glt | 8 | HERV-W/SYNCYTIN-1 | Gamma-like ERV | [50] |
| Slc1a5 (ASCT2) | Neutral AA | Glt | 8 | SUPYN | Gamma-like ERV | [188] |
| Slc1a5 (ASCT2) | Neutral AA | Glt | 8 | SRV1, SRV2, SRV3 (MPMV), SRV4, SRV5 |
Betaretrovirus * | [189] |
| Slc1a5 (ASCT2) | Neutral AA | Glt | 8 | BaERV | Gammaretrovirus | [190] |
| Slc2A1 (Glut-1) | Glucose | MFS | 12 | HTLV | Deltaretrovirus | [191] |
| Slc5a3 (Smit1) | Sodium/myo-inositol | LeuT | 12 | M813 | Gammaretrovirus | [192] |
| Slc5a3 (Smit1) | Sodium/myo-inositol | LeuT | 12 | HEMV | Gammaretrovirus | [193] |
| Slc7a1 (mCAT1) | Cationic AA | LeuT | 12 | MoMLV | Gammaretrovirus | [194] |
| Slc7a1 (CAT1) | Cationic AA | LeuT | 12 | BLV | Deltaretrovirus | [195] |
| Slc9a1 (NHE-1) | Sodium/Hydrogen | NHE1 | 13 | ALV-J | Alpharetrovirus | [196] |
| Slc16a1 (MCT1) | monocarboxylate | MFS | 12 | HERV-T | Gammaretrovirus | [72] |
| Slc19a1 | Folate | MFS | 12 | GLN-MLV | Gammaretrovirus | [197] |
| Slc19a2 (THTR1) | Thiamine | MFS | 12 | KoRV-B | Gammaretrovirus | [198] |
| Slc19a2 (THTR1) | Thiamine | MFS | 12 | KoRV-J | Gammaretrovirus | [199] |
| Slc19a2 (THTR1) | Thiamine | MFS | 12 | FeLV-A | Gammaretrovirus | [200] |
| Slc20a1 (PiT1) | Phosphate | PiT | 10, 12 | KoRV-A | Gammaretrovirus | [201] |
| Slc20a1 (PiT1) | Phosphate | PiT | 10, 12 | FeLV-B | Gammaretrovirus | [202] |
| Slc20a1/Slc20a2 (PiT1/PiT2) | Phosphate | PiT | 10, 12 | GALV/WMV | Gammaretrovirus | [203] |
| Slc20a1 (PiT1) | Phosphate | PiT | 10, 12 | AMLV (4070A, 229A) | Gammaretrovirus | [204] |
| Slc20a1 (PiT1) | Phosphate | PiT | 10, 12 | FeLV-T | Gammaretrovirus | [179] |
| Slc20a1 (PiT1) | Phosphate | PiT | 10, 12 | 10A1-MLV | Gammaretrovirus | [205] |
| Slc31a1 (CTR1) | Copper ion | Ctr | 3 | cERV-1/2 | Gamma-like ERV | [206] |
| Slc31a1 (CTR1) | Copper ion | Ctr | 3 | FeLV-D | Gammaretrovirus | [207] |
| Slc35f2 | Nucleotide sugar | - | 10 | FeLV-A5 * | Gammaretrovirus | [208] |
| Slc49a1/Slc49a2 | Heme | MFS | 12 | FeLV-C | Gammaretrovirus | [209] |
| Slc52a2 (GHB/RFVT2/ PAR-2) |
Riboflavin | MFS | 12 | PERV-A, FeLV-CP * | Gammaretrovirus | [210,211] |
| Slc53a1 (Xpr1) | Phosphate | Slc53 | 8 | XMLV | Gammaretrovirus | [212,213] |
| Slc53a1 (Xpr1) | Phosphate | Slc53 | 8 | PMLV | Gammaretrovirus | [212,213] |
| Slc59a1 (MFSD2A) | Lysophosphatidylcholine | MFS | 12 | HERV FRD/SYNCYTIN-2 | Gamma-like ERV | [214] |
| Slc65a1 (NPC1) | Cholesterol | NPC1 | 13 | Ebola virus | Non-retrovirus (filovirus) | [215] |
| TVA | Cobalamin (?) | LDLR | 1 | ALV-A/RSV-A | Alpharetrovirus | [216,217] |
| CAR1 (TVB) | Tumor necrosis factor | TNFR | 1 | ALV-B/D/E | Alpharetrovirus | [218] |
| TVC | Immunoglobulin | Ig | 1 | ALV-C | Alpharetrovirus | [219] |
Receptors are listed with their SLC classification and commonly used name, if applicable. Fold refers to classification used in [220]. The “*” indicates artificial isolate selected from a library screen. Slc = designates member of the solute carrier superfamily. ASCT1/2 = Alanine Serine Cysteine Transporter type 1/2; Glut-1 = Glucose transporter protein type 1; Smit-1 = Sodium myo-inositol transporter type 1; mCAT1 = murine cationic amino acid transporter type 1; CAT1 = cationic amino acid transporter type 1; NHE-1 = sodium hydrogen exchanger type 1; MCT1 = Monocarboxylate transporter type 1; THTR1 = Thiamine transporter 1; PiT1 = Phosphate transporter; CTR1 = Copper uptake protein 1; GHB = gamma-hydroxybutyrate receptor; RFVT2 = Riboflavin uptake transporter; PAR2 = Protease activated receptor; Xpr1 = xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1; MFSD2 = Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2; NPC1 = Niemann-Pick type C1 cholesterol transporter; TVA/B/C = tumor virus A/B/C.