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General characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristics | Items | N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 11 (44.0) |
| Female | 14 (56.0) | |
| Age | 20s | 19 (75.7) |
| 30s | 6 (24.3) | |
| Average period of orthodontic treatment (Unit: Month, mean ± SD) | 22.1 ± 13.0 | |
| Orthodontic devices | Metal bracket | 9 (36.0) |
| Ceramic bracket | 16 (64.0) | |
