Figure 2.

Mechanism of EGT and NAD+ cyclic pathway. In mitochondria, the consumption of NAD+ participates in the TCA cycle of cell energy metabolism and NADP+ production by NAD is influenced by NAD kinase, which further generates NADPH. NADPH can be used as the substrate of glutathione reductase (GR) to reduce GSSG to glutathione (GSH), which is necessary for the activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione transferase (GST) and is one of the important ways to improve the antioxidant capacity of cells. EGT promotes this effect by regulating the action of NAD+ pools in mitochondria. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of EGT can directly remove excess ROS, upregulate the activity of GSH-px, and synergically participate in the antioxidant effect of cells.