Table 2.

Univariable analysis based on the 3 regions with seropositive dairy animals for Brucella in Tanzania.

		Number			95% CI
Variables	Levels	Negatives	Positives	OR	Lower	Upper	p Value
Farmer’s gender	Female-headed farms	537	17	1
	Male-headed farms	648	30	1.46	0.8	2.68	0.24
Livestock training attended	No	907	29	1
	Yes	278	18	2.03	1.11	3.7	0.02
Education level attained	Basic (none or primary only)	886	44	1
	Secondary +	299	3	0.76	0.14	3.98	0.003
Experience in keeping dairy cattle	<5 years	58	9	1
	≥5 years	1127	38	0.37	0.18	0.77	0.006
Cattle sex	Female	1164	47
	Male	21	0
Do you own Bull	No	967	46	1
	Yes	218	1	0.06	0.01	0.41	<0.01
Do you routinely vaccinate for Brucella	No	1164	47
	Yes	21	0
Breed	Other	9	1	1
	SHZxAyshire	258	6	0.21	0.02	10.7
	SHZxFriesian	824	39	0.43	0.06	19.1
	SHZxJersey	94	1	0.10	0.00	8.3	0.09
Age of cattle	<5 years	514	18	1
	5–7 years	527	20	1.08	0.54	2.2
	>7 years	144	9	1.78	0.69	4.3	0.351
Feeding management	Pasture	207	5	1
	Zero-grazed	978	42	1.78	0.7	4.6	0.323
Herd size	1–2 cows	548	32	1
	3–4 cows	402	13	0.55	0.26	1.1
	>4 cows	235	2	0.15	0.02	0.58	0.004
Water source	River	121	2	1
	Tap	889	26	1.77	0.43	15.57
	Well	175	19	6.54	1.53	58.97	<0.01
Distance between herds	<100 m	923	22	1
	≥100 m	262	25	4.0	2.22	7.22	<0.01
Dogs	No dog	775	22
	Have dogs around	410	25	2.15	1.2	3.86	0.01
Goats	No goats	389	7	1
	Have goats around	794	40	2.8	1.24	6.31	0.01
Sheep	No sheep	979	30	1
	Have sheep around	202	17	2.75	1.49	5.07	<0.01
Pigs	No pigs	993	40	1
	Have pigs around	192	7	0.91	0.40	2.05	0.811
Region	Tanga	519	5
	Kilimanjaro	508	13	2.65	0.88	9.58
	Njombe	158	29	18.95	7.1	63.8	<0.01
Zone	Northern	1027	18	1
	Southern	158	29	10.47	5.68	19.3	<0.01
Placenta disposal	Correct	1102	83	1
	Incorrect	36	11	4.06	1.99	8.26	<0.01
Abortion history (within herd)	No	1133	42	1
	Yes	52	5	2.59	0.99	6.83	0.06

OR, odds ratio; %, percent; CI, confidence interval.