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. 2023 Jan 30;15(2):455. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020455

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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UMBO parameters are effective for BBB opening in healthy and Gl261 bearing mice. (Panel A,B): 3D structure of the ultrasound waves generated by the calibrated low-intensity ultrasound system. (Panel C): T1W MRI showed a marked Gd contrast enhancement within an hour following UMBO. An enhancement of Gd following UMBO in mice (n = 2, analysis of the Gd enhancement is shown in Supplementary Material, Figure S1C). The two top T1-MRI images were obtained before UMBO (pre-Gd left MRIs; and post-Gd). The two bottom T1-MRI images were obtained after UMBO (pre-Gd left MRIs; and post-Gd). UMBO is effective in C57BL/6 mice. right MRIs). (Panel D): Evans blue staining was enhanced in sonicated brain hemisphere compared to the control hemisphere visually and by fluorescence ((Panel D); Evans blue in red, DAPI in blue).