| AKT | Akt serine/threonine kinase |
| BMP | Bone morphogenetic protein |
| BMSCs | Bone marrow stromal cells (103) |
| Cx | Connexin |
| CXCL12 | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| GJs | Gap junctions |
| HC | Hemichannel |
| IL-1 | Interleukin-1 |
| IP3 | Inositol trisphosphate |
| PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
| PKC | Protein kinase C |
| PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
| RANKL | Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaΒ ligand |
| TGF | Transforming growth factor |
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