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Essential role of the three trace elements iodine, selenium and iron in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and activation. Abbreviations: NIS: Na+-Iodide-Symporter (iodide uptake); DUOX: dual oxidase (H2O2 generation); TPO: thyroperoxidase (hemoprotein); TG: thyroglobulin (synthesis and storage protein); GPX: glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant defense); DIO: deiodinase (TH in-/activation).
