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. 2023 Feb 14;15(2):159. doi: 10.3390/toxins15020159

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cytokine storm. (1) Coronavirus infects lung cells. (2) The immune cells recognize the virus, are activated, and produce cytokines. (3) Cytokines attract more immune cells, which, in turn, produce more cytokines, creating a cycle of inflammation that damages the lung cells, resulting in (4) fibrin formation. (5) Fluid fills the lung cavities, leading to respiratory failure. Figure created with BioRender.com.