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Biomarkers of inflammation in CTD-PAH.
| Inflammation Molecules in CTD-PAH | Biomarkers |
|---|---|
| Inflammatory cytokines | TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-13 [85,140] IL-6 [85,140,141] IL-18BPa [144] IL-32 [145] IFN type I, II and III [146] PTX3 [148] BAFF [149] |
| Chemokines | CXCL4 [150] CXCL16 [151] CCL20 [152] CCL21 [153,154] |
BAFF, B-cell activating factor; CCL, C-C motif ligand; CXCL, C-X-C motif ligand; IL, interleukin; IFN, interferon; PTX3, pentraxin 3; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.
