Table 6.
Nanomaterials and their heavy metal adsorption capacity.
| Nanoparticles/Nanocomposites | Heavy Metals | Biosorption Capacity (mg/g) |
pH | Temperature (°C) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chitosan-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles | Pb (II) | 498.6 | 6 | 30 | [98] |
| CuO nanostructures | Pb (II) | 115–125 | 6.5 | -- | [99] |
| Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) | Pb (II) | 4.99 | 6.8 | 30 | [100] |
| Iron oxide–tea waste nanocomposite | Pb (II) | 18.83 | -- | 25 | [101] |
| Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) | Pb (II) | 1667 | 4.5 | 35 | [102] |
| Carboxymethyl cellulose bridged chlorapatite nanoparticles | Cd (II) | 150.2 | 7 | -- | [103] |
| Alumina nanoparticles | Cd (II) | 24.20 | 8 | 27 | [104] |
| CNSR-coated magnetic nanoparticles | Cd (II) | 54.6 | 10 | 30–50 | [105] |
| Oxide–silica composite | Cd (II) | 43.45 | 6 | 50 | [88] |