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. 2023 Feb 8;15(4):867. doi: 10.3390/nu15040867

Table 3.

Serum lipid profiles (mg/dL) in male and female newly weaned and adult offspring.

Male Offspring Female Offspring
Outcome CON HC-CP HC-PPN CON HC-CP HC-PPN Maternal
Effect
Sex
Effect
M × S
Newly weaned
Total-C 132.79 ± 10.38 a 107.4 ± 15.15 ab 83.08 ± 12.30 b 130.82 ± 7.23 a 124.21 ± 22.14 ab 107.36 ± 9.17 b 0.03 0.23 0.57
HDL-C 78.93 ± 8.78 a 70.23 ± 12.34 a 53.54 ± 0.90 b 73.94 ± 3.13 a 67.87 ± 11.25 a 47.73 ± 7.91 b 0.02 0.40 0.99
LDL/VLDL-C 53.86 ± 9.93 50.56 ± 8.37 53.38 ± 9.21 56.88 ± 7.14 56.34 ± 11.70 53.92 ± 1.77 0.97 0.70 0.97
Adult
Total-C 210.92 ± 2.85 a 356.82 ± 13.30 b 280.11 ± 15.24 c 322.90 ± 62.49 a 286.30 ± 38.86 a 271.42 ± 15.88 a 0.23 0.69 0.03
HDL-C 96.27 ± 15.83 120.67 ± 16.12 120.00 ± 11.05 135.71 ± 16.01 106.63 ± 8.36 108.97 ± 13.71 0.99 0.67 0.12
LDL/VLDL-C 133.50 ± 6.72 a 236.16 ± 5.73 b 160.11 ± 7.47 c 187.19 ± 49.44 a 150.00 ± 16.67 a 162.45 ± 11.04 a 0.32 0.61 0.03
Triglyceride 109.71 ± 5.89 a 68.67 ± 23.17 a 30.80 ± 8.97 b 19.85 ± 5.08 32.57 ± 12.64 27.88 ± 6.05 0.048 0.001 0.018

CON, low-calorie control diet; HC-CP, high-calorie obese-inducing diet with casein protein; and HC-PPN, HC high calorie diet with supplemental yellow pea protein (25%). Maternal (M), sex (S), and interaction (M × S) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc test (p < 0.05). abc Treatment groups within sex that do not share a superscript are significantly different (p < 0.05). Data are means ± SE, and n = 7–9 mothers per group.