Table 3.
Serum lipid profiles (mg/dL) in male and female newly weaned and adult offspring.
| Male Offspring | Female Offspring | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | CON | HC-CP | HC-PPN | CON | HC-CP | HC-PPN | Maternal Effect |
Sex Effect |
M × S |
| Newly weaned | |||||||||
| Total-C | 132.79 ± 10.38 a | 107.4 ± 15.15 ab | 83.08 ± 12.30 b | 130.82 ± 7.23 a | 124.21 ± 22.14 ab | 107.36 ± 9.17 b | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.57 |
| HDL-C | 78.93 ± 8.78 a | 70.23 ± 12.34 a | 53.54 ± 0.90 b | 73.94 ± 3.13 a | 67.87 ± 11.25 a | 47.73 ± 7.91 b | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.99 |
| LDL/VLDL-C | 53.86 ± 9.93 | 50.56 ± 8.37 | 53.38 ± 9.21 | 56.88 ± 7.14 | 56.34 ± 11.70 | 53.92 ± 1.77 | 0.97 | 0.70 | 0.97 |
| Adult | |||||||||
| Total-C | 210.92 ± 2.85 a | 356.82 ± 13.30 b | 280.11 ± 15.24 c | 322.90 ± 62.49 a | 286.30 ± 38.86 a | 271.42 ± 15.88 a | 0.23 | 0.69 | 0.03 |
| HDL-C | 96.27 ± 15.83 | 120.67 ± 16.12 | 120.00 ± 11.05 | 135.71 ± 16.01 | 106.63 ± 8.36 | 108.97 ± 13.71 | 0.99 | 0.67 | 0.12 |
| LDL/VLDL-C | 133.50 ± 6.72 a | 236.16 ± 5.73 b | 160.11 ± 7.47 c | 187.19 ± 49.44 a | 150.00 ± 16.67 a | 162.45 ± 11.04 a | 0.32 | 0.61 | 0.03 |
| Triglyceride | 109.71 ± 5.89 a | 68.67 ± 23.17 a | 30.80 ± 8.97 b | 19.85 ± 5.08 | 32.57 ± 12.64 | 27.88 ± 6.05 | 0.048 | 0.001 | 0.018 |
CON, low-calorie control diet; HC-CP, high-calorie obese-inducing diet with casein protein; and HC-PPN, HC high calorie diet with supplemental yellow pea protein (25%). Maternal (M), sex (S), and interaction (M × S) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc test (p < 0.05). abc Treatment groups within sex that do not share a superscript are significantly different (p < 0.05). Data are means ± SE, and n = 7–9 mothers per group.