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. 2023 Feb 16;11(2):458. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020458

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic description of the mechanism of rolling microelectrode array (RoMEA) (a) RoMEA’s minimally invasive method of continuous electroporation in a vast region of the target tissue by rolling on the appropriate place. (b) Overall design of RoMEA device. Anode (red) and cathode (black) are connected by two nearby microneedle blades. (c) Microneedle electroporation. (d) Stimulation of RoMEA by electric field (50 V). (e) The RoMEA prototype [90]. Reproduced with permissions from Tongren Yeng et al., Nano Today, Elsevier, 2021.