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. 2023 Feb 16;11(2):458. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020458

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic depiction of the bioconjugation and coating reactions on TMV: (A) alkyne labelling of TMV through amidation of the interior glutamate residues of TMV with propargyl amine; (B) azide labelling of 1V209 through amidation of the carboxylic group with aminooxy-PEG1-azide; (C) 1V209-TMVproduction by copper-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC); and (D) polydopamine coating of the prepared 1V209 (Tris buffer, pH 8.5) using oxidative polymerization [134]. The results were analyzed with One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett′s post-test: * p < 0.0001 vs. medium; # p = 0. Reproduced with permissions from Christian Isalomboto Nkanga et al., Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, Elsevier, 2022.