Effect of neutral electrolyzed saline (SES) on histopathologic changes in gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in the Balb/c mouse model. Placebo-after placebo group; GM + placebo-after placebo group; GM + placebo-after SES group; GM + SES-after SES group; and GM + SES-after placebo group. Yellow arrows show areas of tubular injury (flattening of the tubular epithelium, cellular fragments within their lumens, blebbing of the apical membrane into the tubular lumen, and loss of some nuclei), interstitial fibrosis, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration in the appropriate section. The GM + SES-after SES and GM + SES-after placebo groups showed less tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis compared with the GM + placebo-after placebo group. In addition, the GM + SES-after placebo and GM + SES-after SES groups had more interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate than the GM + placebo-after placebo group. Tubular injury and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate: hematoxylin–eosin, x400; interstitial fibrosis: Masson’s trichrome, ×100; n = 53.