Table 2.

Summary of the main molecular biomarkers and imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS		IMAGING TECHNIQUES
Biomarkers in peripheric fluids	Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease (PD)	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)	Structural MRI
	Amyloid-β and tau in Alzheimer´s Disease (AD)
			Functional MRI
Inflammation markers
		Positron Emission Tomography (PET)	PD	DAT imaging
Exosomes				Neurotransmitters
				Brain-gut denervation
				Alpha-synuclein
Autoantibodies			AD	[18F] FDG–PET
				Amyloid-beta
				Tau