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. 2023 Feb 20;12(4):950. doi: 10.3390/plants12040950

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Age-specific survival rate (l_x) and female age-stage specific fecundities (f_x), fecundity (m_x), and net maternity (l_x×(l_x×m_x) of S. frugiperda fed on faba beans (A), soya beans (B), maize (C), wheat (D), and barley (E).