Table 1.

Development time and longevity (M ± SE) of S. frugiperda fed on five host plants.

Development Stage, d	Host Plants
	Maize	Faba Beans	Soya Beans	Wheat	Barley	p-Value
Egg	3.00 ± 0.00	3.00 ± 0.00	3.00 ± 0.00	3.31 ± 0.31	3.00 ± 0.0	NS
1st instar	2.26 ± 0.05 c	2.76 ± 0.04 a	2.52 ± 0.05 b	2.32 ± 0.05 c	2.60 ± 0.06 b	<0.0001
2nd instar	2.11 ± 0.04 c	2.87 ± 0.08 a	2.53 ± 0.06 b	2.79 ± 0.05 a	2.79 ± 0.68 a	<0.0001
3rd instar	2.15 ± 0.05 c	3.07 ± 0.08 a	2.81 ± 0.05 b	2.86 ± 0.05 b	2.89 ± 0.77 ab	<0.0001
4th instar	2.25 ± 0.05 d	3.45 ± 0.06 a	2.70 ± 0.07 c	2.83 ± 0.07 c	3.14 ± 0.63 b	<0.0001
5th instar	2.41 ± 0.07 d	3.50 ± 0.07 a	2.65 ± 0.07 c	2.54 ± 0.07 cd	3.17 ± 0.60 b	<0.0001
6th instar	2.54 ± 0.07 b	3.24 ± 0.08 a	2.50 ± 0.06 b	2.63 ± 0.07 b	3.24 ± 0.11 a	<0.0001
1st to 6th instar	13.72 ± 0.18 d	18.94 ± 0.19 a	15.64 ± 0.15 c	15.93 ± 0.21 c	17.86 ± 0.31 b	<0.0001
Pre-pupa	1.40 ± 0.06 c	2.05 ± 0.04 b	1.97 ± 0.04 b	1.97 ± 0.05 b	2.27 ± 0.63 a	<0.0001
Pupa	9.69 ± 0.11 c	10.75 ± 0.12 a	10.32 ± 0.10 b	10.37 ± 0.14 b	9.95 ± 0.89 c	<0.0001
Pre-adult	27.83 ± 0.22 d	34.79 ± 0.26 a	30.92 ± 0.20 c	30.97 ± 0.28 c	33.05 ± 0.35 b	<0.0001
Female adult	11.94 ± 0.42 bc	12.86 ± 0.45 ab	13.51 ± 0.47 a	11.21 ± 0.39 c	11.15 ± 0.46 c	0.0002
Male adult	10.58 ± 0.54 c	16.07 ± 0.42 a	13.66 ± 0.47 b	9.94 ± 0.45 c	10.04 ± 0.63 c	<0.0001
All Adult ( + )	11.26 ± 0.35 c	14.59 ± 0.36 a	13.58 ± 0.33 b	10.62 ± 0.30 c	10.59 ± 0.38 c	<0.0001
Total longevity ()	39.13 ± 0.59 d	46.69 ± 0.58 a	43.78 ± 0.58 b	41.26 ± 0.53 c	43.35 ± 0.63 b	<0.0001
Total longevity ()	39.00 ± 0.67 d	51.68 ± 0.47 a	45.34 ± 0.62 b	41.97 ± 0.51 c	44.29+0.49 b	<0.0001
Total longevity ( + )	39.06 ± 0.44 d	49.38 ± 0.47 a	44.50 ± 0.43 b	41.59 ± 0.37 c	43.74 ± 0.42 b	<0.0001

= Male, = Female. The larval development stages, pupal, pre adult and adult durations, and total longevity were analyzed using age-stage, two-sex life table. Mean values M ± SE in the same row followed by different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05) (paired bootstrap test).