Table 6.
Performance of diagnostic approach.
| Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive Predictive Value | Negative Predictive Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPP IPA in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (IPA: 108, no infection: 24) | ||||
| Sputum (n: 39) (positive: 29, negative: 10) | 29/36 (80.5%) | 3/3 (100%) | 29/29 (100%) | 3/10 (30.0%) |
| TBA (n: 84) (positive: 76, negative: 27) | 76/84 (90.4%) | 19/19 (100%) | 76/76 (100%) | 19/27 (70.4%) |
| BAL (n: 43) (positive: 16, negative: 27) | 16/40 (40.0%) | 3/3 (100%) | 16/16 (100%) | 3/27 (11.1%) |
| Hyphae in BAL (n: 18) (positive: 3, negative: 15) | 3/18 (16.7%) | 0/0 | 3/3 (100%) | 0/15 (0) |
| GM in BAL (n: 39) (positive: 18, negative: 21) | 18/37 (48.6%) | 2/2 (100%) | 18/18 (100%) | 2/21 (9.5%) |
| GM in serum (n: 84) (positive: 8, negative: 76) | 8/72 (11.1%) | 12/12 (100%) | 8/8 (100%) | 12/76 (15.8%) |
| PP IPA in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (IPA: 24, no infection: 108) | ||||
| Sputum (n: 39) (positive: 29, negative: 10) | 2/4 (50%) | 8/35 (22.8%) | 2/29 (6.9%) | 8/10 (80%) |
| TBA (n: 84) (positive: 76, negative: 27) | 19/24 (79.2%) | 22/79 (27.8%) | 19/76 (25.0%) | 22/27 (81.5%) |
| BAL (n: 43) (positive: 16, negative: 27) | 13/20 (65.0%) | 20/23 (86.9%) | 13/16 (81.2%) | 20/27 (74.1%) |
| Hyphae in BAL (n: 18) (positive: 3, negative: 15) | 2/10 (20.0%) | 7/8 (87.5%) | 2/3 (66.7%) | 7/15 (46.5%) |
| GM in BAL (n: 39) (positive: 18, negative: 21) | 16/21 (76.2%) | 16/18 (88.9%) | 16/18 (88,9%) | 16/21 (76.2%) |
| GM in serum (n: 84) (positive: 8, negative: 76) | 4/21 (19.0%) | 59/63 (93.6%) | 4/8 (50%) | 59/76 (77.6%) |
| PPP IPA in patients without SARS-CoV-2 (IPA: 32, no infection: 76) | ||||
| Sputum (n: 70) (positive: 62, negative: 8) | 16/20 (80%) | 4/50 (8.0%) | 16/62 (25.8%) | 4/8 (50%) |
| TBA(n: 56) (positive: 44, negative: 12) | 13/20 (65%) | 5/36 (13.9%) | 13/44 (29.5%) | 5/12 (41.7%) |
| BAL (n: 25) (positive: 13, negative: 12) | 11/17 (64.7%) | 6/8 (75.0%) | 11/13 (84.6%) | 6/12 (50%) |
| Hyphae in BAL (n: 4) (positive: 2, negative: 2) | 2/2 (100%) | 2/2 (100%) | 2/2 (100%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| GM in BAL (n: 17) (positive: 4, negative: 13) | 4/11 (36.4%) | 6/6 (100%) | 4/4 (100%) | 6/13 (46.2%) |
| GM in serum (n: 19) (positive: 2, negative: 17) | 2/9 (22.2%) | 10/10 (100%) | 2/2 (100%) | 10/17 (58.8%) |
| PP IPA in patients without SARS-CoV-2 (IPA: 22, no infection: 86) | ||||
| Sputum (n: 70) (positive: 62, negative: 8) | 12/13 (92.3%) | 7/57 (12.2%) | 12/62 (19.4%) | 7/8 (87.5%) |
| TBA (n: 56) (positive: 44, negative: 12) | 8/13 (61.5%) | 7/43 (16.2%) | 8/44 (18.2%) | 7/12 (58.3%) |
| BAL (n: 25) (positive: 13, negative: 12) | 9/13 (69.2%) | 8/12 (66.7%) | 9/13 (69.2%) | 8/12 (66.7%) |
| Hyphae in BAL (n: 4) (positive: 2, negative: 2) | 1/1 (100%) | 2/3 (66.7%) | 1/2 (50%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| GM in BAL (n: 17) (positive: 4, negative: 13) | 4/8 (50%) | 9/9 (100%) | 4/4 (100%) | 9/13 (69.2%) |
| GM in serum (n: 19) (positive: 2, negative: 17) | 2/8 (25%) | 11/11 (100%) | 2/2 (100%) | 11/17 (64.7%) |
IPA: invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. GM: galactomannan. BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage. TBA: tracheo-bronchial aspirate.