Table 1.
Main findings and characteristics of included studies
| First author | Journal | Study design | Tested outcomes | Number and characteristics of sample | Scales and measures | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemmati et al. 2020 [18] | Indian J Psychol Med | CS | Determine the reflection of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on the pathological traits of the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) in section III of DSM-5 and Cloninger’s temperament and character profiles | 433 Iranian college students. 390 without a CSA experience (mean age 27.15 years, 31% female) and 43 with a CSA experience (mean age 24.30 years, 53.5% female) | Identification of CSA; Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5)-Persian Version; Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125)-Persian Version; Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV-TR-Axis II-Screening Questionnaire (SCID-II-SQ)36-Persian Version | Both PID-5 and TCI-125 were significantly associated with their relevant PDs. Pathological trait domains of the PID-5, negative affectivity excluded, were greater in those with a CSA experience. Novelty seeking and persistence dimensions of the TCI-125 were higher in CSA experience population |
| Kahn et al. 2020 [19] | Sexual Abuse | LS | Understanding of the frequency of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in a sample of high-risk civilly committed sexual offenders and the link between ACE scores and diagnoses of adult pshycopathology | 317 adult males who had committed sexual offenses. Mean age 51.38 years; 69.1% Caucasian | ACE scale; Static-99R; DSM-5 Diagnoses | ACE score-sexual abuse item was present in 56.8% of the examined population. Total ACE scores were significantly related to a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), with the odds of having ASPD increasing by 11% for each additional ACE item endorsed |
| Ajo et al. 2020 [20] | Int J Impot Res | LS | Analysis of the influence of PD in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) and their response to andrological treatment | 62 male patients with ED and CNCP (mean age 57 years) | Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III); International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) |
31% of the sample presented a base rate ≥ 85 scores at the MCMI-III Questionnarire (determine the presence of the PD or clinical syndrome). The presence of features of several PDs and clinical syndromes was significantly associated with a worst sexual life quality, anxiety, and depression. Self-defeating feature presence was significantly correlated with a more severe baseline ED and narcissistic with a better response to andrological treatment |
| Ballester-Arnal 2020 [21••] | Addictive Behaviors | CS | The study is aimed at exploring psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of individuals with and without compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) | 315 participants low-CSBD risk profile (mean age 20.89 and 54.9% females); 68 participants with high-CSBD risk profile (mean age 20.63 and 33.8% females) | Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI); Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS); Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST); SCID-I; SCID-II (only Borderline BPD-BPD and Obsessive–Compulsive PD-OCPD were explored in this study) | 5.9% of the CSBD subjects presented a borderline personality disorder (BPD) compared to 0.3% in non-CSBD subjects |
| Miano et al. 2020 [22] | J Pers Disord | CS | Characterization of interpersonal relationships of patients with BPD | 31 heterosexual couples with BPD women (mean age 31.84 years) and 36 healthy control couples (mean age 30 years) | SCID-II; Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); relationship stability questions from Kenny and Acitelli; Partnership Questionnaire (PFB-K); the Problem List (PL) of relationship conflict; Dependency and Insecurity Scale (DSC); Relationship Questionnaire (RQ-2) | 42% of BPD females signaled “attention of partner” and “sexuality” as unresolved conflict areas, compared to HC couples that reached 14% and 17% respectively in these areas |
| Beauregard and DeLisi 2021 [23•] | J Interpers Violence | CS | Examination of the personality profile of the Sexual Homicide Offenders (SHOs) | 85 SHO; 144 Violent Non-Homicidal Sex Offenders (VNHSOs); 387 Non-Homicidal Sex Offenders (NHSOs) | PDs assessment using DSM-4; Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II (MMP-II); Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) | The study reported a personality profile correlation of SHOs with Schizoid and BPD. SHOs were likely to select a victim, use a weapon, and use drugs and alcohol before their offenses |
| Bégin et al. 2022 [24••] | Frontiers in Psychology | LS | Identification of distinct risky sexual behaviors (RSB) profiles in youth and their association with BPD features | 126 adolescents and young adults (41 aged 14–17 and 85 aged 18–21; 82% females) | Sexual Risk Survey (SRS); Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C) | 3 distinct RSB profiles were identified: (1) low RSB profile; (2) Unprotected Sex in Relationships profile; (3) impulsive sex outside relationships profile. The third profile was manifested by youth with significantly higher BPD features |
| Natoli et al. 2021 [25] | Archives of Sexual Behavior | LS | Link between interpersonal dependency and sexual and romantic relationships and sexual activity | 30 self-identified females and 30 self-identified males | Rorschach Oral Dependency Scale (ROD); self-report measure of interpersonal and healthy dependency; Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO); Relationship Profile Test (RPT) | A dependent personality style was found to be positively associated with one’s likelihood of being in a romantic relationship, but was not found to alter the likelihood of being sexually active |
| Wetzel et al. 2019 [26] | Self and Identity | LS | Investigation of developmental links between narcissism, problem behaviors, and adolescence | 674 Mexican-origin adolescents at 14 and 16 years of age | Narcissistic Personality Questionnaire for Children- Revised (NPQC-R); Assessment of delinquency with a scale from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (ADD Health); Drug use assessment with a count score of 7 items adapted from the National Youth Survey; two questions assessing sexual behavior: “Have you had sexual intercourse during the past 12 months?” and “How many people have you had sexual intercourse with during the past 12 months?”; Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV) | Results showed that adolescent exploitativeness at age 14 prospectively predicted sexual behavior at age 16, which provides initial evidence for an association between narcissistic tendencies and sexual behavior in adolescence, suggesting that both behavioral and affective features of narcissistic exploitativeness may influence the occurrence of early sexual behavior among youth |
| Choukas-Bradley et al. 2020 [27] | J Abnorm Child Psychol | LS | Examination of developmental trajectories of adolescent girls’ BPD symptoms and sexual risk behavior (SRB) | 1620 Black and White girls from the Pittsburgh Girls Study | BPD screening questionnaire of the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE-BOR); Adolescent Sexual Activity Index (ASAI); Adolescent Symptoms Inventory-4 (ASI-4) | Girls with more BPD symptoms at age 14 showed steeper growth over time in SRB from ages 14 to 18. Additionally, adolescents who showed steeper increases in BPD symptoms over time also showed steeper increases in SRB across adolescence |
| Penner et al. 2019 [28] | Personal Dis | LS | Evaluation of RSB and correlates of RSB among female adolescent inpatients with and without BPD | 123 females (mean age 15.5 years) inpatient in a psychiatric unit for adolescents. 50 participants met full criteria for DSM–5 Section II BPD and thus comprised the BPD group (mean age 15.04 years) | Safer Choices Survey (SCS); Sexual Risk Behaviors Beliefs and Self-Efficacy Scales (SRBBS); Childhood Interview for BPD (CI-BPD); Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFSC); Youth Self-Report (YSR) | The BPD group evidenced significantly lower self-efficacy to refuse sex, and riskier attitudes. This may influence adolescent girls with BPD to engage to higher levels of RSB later in life |
| DeLisi et al. 2019 [29••] | Compr Psychiatry | LS | Evaluation of the etiology of ASPD in terms of ACE and childhood psychopathology | 863 active correctional clients (mean age 44 years) | DSM-4 diagnosis; ACE events | Greater ACEs were associated with ASPD diagnosis with physical abuse showing association with ASPD symptoms and sexual abuse with lifetime diagnosis for ASPD |