Table 2.
Comparison of each measurement item between baseline and follow-up values.
| Measurements (n = 8) | Baseline | Follow-up | P value | Effect size (r) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± S.D | Median (interquartile range) | Mean ± S.D | Median (interquartile range) | ||||
| TPa | 23.0 ± 13.4 | 19.0 (14.1–38.1) | 31.5 ± 13.1 | 37.8 (22.5–40.3) | 0.034* | 0.84 | |
| ODK | /pa/b | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 4.8 (4.0–6.0) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 4.6 (4.0–6.6) | 0.285 | 0.45 |
| /ta/a | 5.0 ± 1.5 | 4.8 (3.6–6.6) | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 4.6 (3.9–5.7) | 0.668 | 0.27 | |
| /ka/a | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 3.2 (2.8–6.1) | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 3.0 (2.8–6.1) | 0.172 | 0.53 | |
| PNIFa | 95.8 ± 48.4 | 78.3 (55.8–114.2) | 122.1 ± 58.6 | 115.8 (73.8–147.1) | 0.197 | 0.48 | |
| Ultrasonographic assessment | CSA of GHb | 174.9 ± 14.7 | 178.8 (175.1–182.6) | 181.2 ± 24.0 | 188.0 (174.4–194.5) | 0.484 | 0.25 |
| Thickness of tonguea | 30.5 ± 3.9 | 30.4 (28.5–33.7) | 29.8 ± 3.4 | 30.6 (28.2–33.7) | 0.588 | 0.21 | |
S.D standard deviation, TP tongue pressure, ODK oral diadochokinesis, PNIF peak nasal inspiratory flow, CSA of GH cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle.
aPaired t test was performed for TP, /ta/, and /ka/ of ODK, PNIF, and the thickness of the tongue in ultrasonographic measurement.
bWilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for /pa/ of ODK and CSA of GH in ultrasonographic measurement.
*Statistically significant (p < 0.05).