Table 1.

Photophysical, electrochemical, and photocatalytic CO₂ reduction data of PSs 1–6

PS	λmax abs/nm (ε M−1 cm−1)	λmax em (nm)	Ered (V vs. SCE)	TONFea	TOFFea	SelCOa (%)	COb (μmol)	TONPSb	Φc (%)	ΦFL (%)	τ0d (ns)	kqf (M−1 s−1)
1	478 (6790)	600	−0.96, −1.59	2395 ± 228	1510 ± 104	99.6 ± 0.1	50 ± 6	2011 ± 257	8.9 ± 0.8	4.7	0.88 ± 0.013	3.9 × 109
2	528 (8940)	650	−1.10, −1.70	2738 ± 190	69 ± 8	99.5 ± 0.2	12 ± 2	482 ± 76	0.3 ± 0.04	2.3	0.72 ± 0.004	2.1 × 109
3	592 (15,810)	662	−1.15, −1.64	3551 ± 501	593 ± 24	99.3 ± 0.2	38 ± 3	1523 ± 126	3.0 ± 0.1	5.3	0.82 ± 0.003	2.7 × 109
4	532 (12,040)	620	−0.84, −1.44	8360 ± 449	1614 ± 112	99.6 ± 0.1	71 ± 4	2849 ± 161	8.1 ± 0.3	7.1	0.94 ± 0.008	5.2 × 109
5	534 (9170)	635	−0.68, −1.19	21616 ± 2351	4028 ± 669	>99.9	153 ± 10	6012 ± 606	11.1 ± 0.9	7.0	1.02e ± 0.005	7.5 × 109
6	490 (7460)	607	−0.86, −1.30	907 ± 154	93 ± 17	98.5 ± 0.6	30 ± 2	1183 ± 78	2.0 ± 0.3	2.6	0.66 ± 0.002	1.6 × 109

Error bars denote standard deviations, based on at least three separated runs. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

^a60 mM BIH, 0.6 μM FeTDHPP, and 20 μM PS, λ > 400 nm, TON and Sel_CO calculated in 48 h, TOF calculated in 0.5 h for PS 1, 2 h for PS 2, and 1 h for PSs 3–6.

^b60 mM BIH, 20 μM FeTDHPP and 5 μM PS, λ > 400 nm, amount of CO and TON_PS calculated in 72 h.

^c60 mM BIH, 20 μM FeTDHPP and 20 μM PS, λ = 450 nm, Φ calculated in 1 h.

^d50 μM PS, a picosecond pulsed diode laser (λ = 472 nm) was used as the excitation source.

^eUnder CO₂. The λ_maxem of each photosensitizer is selected as the emission wavelength.

^fk_q calculated from linear fitting of the Stern–Volmer plot based on average values of three sets of data.