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. 2023 Feb 25;6:222. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04588-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Pathway-level information extractor (PLIER) analysis results showing the proportion of pathways associated with at least one latent variable for BRCA (a) and GBM (b). The Single Platform (half sample size) panel shows single platform data using half the available samples for each platform. The Combined Array and RNA-seq panel shows 50% array and 50% RNA-seq data combined and normalized by various methods representing the full set of available samples. The Single Platform (full sample size) panel shows single platform data using the full set of available samples for each platform. LOG log2-transformed, NPN nonparanormal normalization, QN quantile normalization, QN (CN) quantile normalization with CrossNorm, QN-Z quantile normalization followed by z-scoring, TDM training distribution matching, Z z-scoring.