Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics of the included studies.
| Demographic characteristics | Clinical characteristics (patients only) | Imaging characteristics | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number/female | Age, yr | PANSS score | ||||||||||
| Study | DFP | HC | DFP | HC | Drug status | Illness duration, mo | Total | Negative | Positive | Scanner | Software | Measures |
| Li et al.19 | 72/48 | 79/46 | 14.7 ± 1.78 | 14.3 ± 2.17 | Drug naive | < 12 | 68.9 ± 18.4 | 16.3 ± 7.53 | 15.8 ± 5.19 | 3.0 T | DPABI | ALFF |
| Yan et al.20 | 69/19 | 74/29 | 24.22 ± 7.08 | 26.27 ± 6.97 | Drug naive | 13.74 ± 11.76 | 84.19 ± 8.25 | 17.58 ± 4.10 | 24.42 ± 3.88 | 3.0 T | DPARSF | ReHo |
| Zhao et al.21 | 44/13 | 26/9 | 23.7 ± 5.3 | 22.6 ± 3.7 | Drug naive | 12 ± 9.2 | 102 ± 16.7 | 24.7 ± 7.5 | 15.3 ± 3.3 | 3.0 T | DPARSF | ReHo |
| Wu et al.22 | 32/16 | 32/11 | 30.94 ± 8.25 | 31.37 ± 7.84 | Drug naive | 12 ± 9.2 | 77.38 ± 5.17 | 20.59 ± 3.46 | 20.00 ± 4.32 | 3.0 T | SPM8 | fALFF |
| Liu et al.23 | 48/NA | 31/NA | 15.79 ± 1.64 | 15.42 ± 1.52 | Drug naive | 5.35 ± 6.12 | 75.10 ± 9.88 | 17.92 ± 6.95 | 21.50 ± 5.01 | 3.0 T | SPM8 | ReHo |
| Lei et al.24 | 124/63 | 102/52 | NA | NA | Drug naive | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3.0 T | DPARSF | ALFF |
| Ren et al.25 | 100/59 | 100/59 | 24.30 ± 7.45 | 24.39 ± 7.58 | Drug naive | 6.25 ± 11.04 | 97.88 ± 17.75 | 18.84 ± 7.70 | 25.11 ± 5.97 | 3.0 T | DPARSF | ALFF |
| Scheef et al.26 | 11/3 | 25/13 | 32 ± 5 | 30 ± 6 | Drug naive or free | NA | 43.1 ± 8.5 | 21.4 ± 7.9 | 20.2 ± 2.9 | 3.0 T | SPM2 | CBF |
DFP patients with drug-naive first-episode psychosis, HC healthy controls, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, NA not available, ALFF amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, fALFF fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, ReHo regional homogeneity, CBF cerebral blood flow.