Table 2.

Currently employed CAR-based therapies in autoimmune diseases.

Interventions	Locations	Clinical Trials. Gov identifier	Therapeutic indications	Phase
4SCAR T cells (targeting CD19, BCMA, CD138 and BAFF-R)	China, Guangdong; China, Guangxi	NCT05459870	Autoimmune diseases	Phase 2
CD7 CAR T cells	China, Zhejiang	NCT05239702	Crohn diseases; Ulcerative colitis; Dermatomyositis; Still disease; Autoimmune diseases	Early Phase 1
CD19/BCMA CAR T cells	China, Zhejiang	NCT05030779	Systemic lupus erythematosus; Autoimmune diseases	Early Phase 1
CD19/BCMA CAR T cells	China, Zhejiang	NCT05085418	Immune nephritis; Autoimmune diseases; Lupus nephritis	Early Phase 1
CD19/BCMA CAR T cells	China, Zhejiang	NCT05263817	POEMS syndrome; Amyloidosis; Autoimmune hemolytic anemia; Vasculitis	Early Phase 1
CT103A cells (targeting BCMA)	China, Hubei	NCT04561557	Autoimmune diseases; Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; Myasthenia gravis; Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy	Early Phase 1
CD19 CAR T cells	China, Shanghai	NCT03030976	Systemic lupus erythematosus	Phase 1
tanCART19/20 (targeting CD19 and CD20)	China, Beijing	NCT03605238	Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder	Phase 1
BCMA-CD19 cCAR T cells	China, Guangdong	NCT05474885	Relapsed/Refractory systemic lupus erythematosus	Phase 1
Descartes-08 CAR T cells (targeting BCMA)	United States, California; United States, Florida; United States, Georgia; United States, North Carolina; United States, Oregon;	NCT04146051	Generalized myasthenia gravis	Phase 2
DSG3-CAART cells	United States, California; United States, Illinois; United States, lowa; United States, New York; United States, North Carolina; United States, Pennsylvania; United States, Texas; United States, Washington	NCT04422912	Mucosal-dominant pemphigus vulgaris	Phase 1
MuSK-CAART cells	United States, California;	NCT05451212	MuSK myasthenia gravis	Phase 1