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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 26.
Published in final edited form as: J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2022 Aug 16;25(6):279–341. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2104981

Table 3.

Specific Metals Associated with Different Presentations of Dermal/Ocular Hypersensitivity.

Hypersensitivity Mechanism

Type 1
Type ll/lll
Type IV
Metal IgE-Mediated Skin Hypersensitivity Responses Pemphigus/Pemphigoid Metal Hypersensitive Alopecia Areata Allergic Contact Dermatitis Allergic Granulomatous Skin Responses Oral Mucosal Allergy Ocular Allergy

Aluminum (Helgesen and Austad 1997) Table 1 (Garg, Loghdey, and Gawkrodger 2010; Böhler-Sommeregger and Lindemayr 1986) (Montemarano et al. 1997; Skelton et al. 1993)
Beryllium (Vilaplans, Romaguera, and Grimalt 1992; Toledo et al. 2011)
Cadmium (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Raith, Schubert, and Göring 1982; Tous-Romero et al. 2017)
Chromium (Manciet et al. 2006) (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Bregnbak et al. 2015) (Sockanathan, Setterfield, and Wakelin 2003) (Gibb et al. 2000)
Cobalt (Huber, Hawkes, and Powell 2016; Smith, Odom, and Maibach 1975; Turčić, Marinović-Kulišić, and Lipozenčić 2013) (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (De La Cuadra and Grau-Massanes 1991) (Pryce and King 1990) (Sockanathan, Setterfield, and Wakelin 2003) (Oh et al. 2016; Oh et al. 2016)
Copper (Hostynek and Maibach 2004) (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Hostynek and Maibach 2004; Saltzer and Wilson 1968; Suärez, Fernändez-Redondo, and Toribio 2002) (Vergara et al. 2004; Hostynek and Maibach 2004)
Gold (Iveson et al. 1977; Lo Schiavo et al. 2008) (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Camarasa and Serra-Baldrich 1989; Ehrlich, Kucenic, and Belsito 2001) (Armstrong, Walsh, and Dawson 1997; Martin etal. 1990) (Vallejo Irastorza et al. 1990; Laeijendecker and Van Joost 1994; Izumi 1982; Fregert, Kollander, and Poulsen 1979) (Estlander et al. 1998; Poziomkowska-Ĝsicka et al. 2018; McDaniel and Couch 2017)
Indium (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Marcusson, Cederbrant, and Heilborn 1998; Terrani, Scherer Hofmeier, and Bircher 2020) (Matsudate et al. 2019)
Iridium (Bergman, Svedberg, and Nilsson 1995) (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Marcusson, Cederbrant, and Heilborn 1998; Terrani, Scherer Hofmeier, and Bircher 2020)
Iron (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Pawankar et al. 2008; Warshaw et al. 2019) (Saxena, Warshaw, and Ahmed 2001)
Lead (Czarnecki and Fritsch 1978)
Manganese (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Leis Dosil et al. 2006; Veläsquez et al. 2010) (Ortiz-Ruiz, Ramírez-Espinosa, and López-Jornet 2006; Costabel et al. 2020)
Mercury (Temesvari and Daroczy 1989; Barranco Sanz et al. 1989) (Robledo 2012) (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Finne, Göransson, and Winckler 1982; Kawai et al. 1994) (McParland and Warnakulasuriya 2012; Finne, Goransson, and Winckler 1982; Laeijendecker et al. 2004; Veien et al. 1994)
Molybdenum (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Navarro-Triviño, Cassini Gómez de Cádiz, and Ruiz-Villaverde 2021)
Nickel (Helgesen and Austad 1997; Saluja et al. 2016; Turčić, Marinović-Kulišić and Lipozencic 2013; Antico and Soana 1999) (Thongprasom et al. 2011; Stransky 1998) (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Silverberg et al. 2020) (Torgerson et al. 2007; Van Loon et al. 1984) (Mancuso and Berdondini 2002)
Palladium (Pesonen et al. 2014) (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Takeda et al. 2017; González-Ruiz et al. 2019) (Goossens et al. 2006) (Mizoguchi, Setoyama, and Kanzaki 1998; Downey 1989; Van Loon et al. 1984; Garau et al. 2005)
Platinum (Schena, Barba, and Costa 1996; Santucci et al. 2000) (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Watsky 2007) (Koch and Baum 1996)
Rhodium (De La Cuadra and Grau-Massanés 1991)
Silver (García et al. 2016; Agarwal and Gawkrodger 2002) (Minciullo et al. 2016)
Tin (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Tous-Romero et al. 2017) (Gil et al. 2019; Aggarwal, Jain, and Kabi 2010)
Titanium (Peters et al. 1984) (High et al. 2006) (Lim et al. 2012)
Vanadium (Peat et al. 2018; Garcia-Nunez et al. 2019)
Zinc (Nakayama and Chen 2018) (Nielsen and Menné 1997) (Ido et al. 2002)
Zirconium (Epstein and Allen 1964) (Montemarano et al. 1997; Skelton et al. 1993; Epstein and Allen 1964)