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. 2023 Feb 22;18:1007–1029. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S400610

Table 2.

Type and Level of Experimental Parameters and the Critical Quality Attributes Used in Central Composite Design

Independent Variables Level
Low Mid High
BM concentration, % (w/v), (X1) 3 4.5 6
Total Surfactant concentration, % (w/v), (X2) 5 7.5 10
Sonication time, min (X3) 2 4 6
Fixed experimental factors
Sonication amplitude, % 35%
Homogenization speed, rpm 11,000
Homogenization time, min 1
Dependent variables Constraints
PS, nm (Y1) Minimize
PDI, (Y2) Minimize
ZP, mV (Y3) Maximize